摘要
司马迁是以文学笔法担当历史叙述的,是以生动的艺术形象承担博大精深的历史哲学观的。在以文学的笔法叙述历史时,司马迁重点关注的对象是人。在《史记》人物传记叙述时,司马迁有意识地建立了"通古今之变"与"原始察终,见盛观衰"之间的关系。在叙述"天人之际,承敝通变"的过程中,始终扣住人物的言行,用以小见大的叙述方式揭示一个王朝之所以被另一个王朝取代,是因为社会运动中有"敝"的存在。在表述其通变思想时还吸收了孔子的文质思想。为了把文质互变的理念贯穿到历史事件和人物的叙述中,司马迁别开生面地采用议论的方式,将人物活动放到社会历史变化的大背景下。司马迁以六经为最高范本含义:展示了中国传统文化及文学的风貌。司马迁通过反省记言、记事的局限性,通过为人物立传以文学笔法提出了新史学追求的文化目标,大大地改变了先秦史学旧有的结构即在历史叙述真实性的基础上,选择典型事件、典型细节,用充满文学气息的笔法和生动形象的语言展示人物的精神风貌,关注他们在历史中的价值。
Sima Qian embodied his historical narration in literary style and his profound view of historical philosophy in vivid artistic images. In his description of history in literary style, Sima showed his concern main- ly with men, emphasizing men＇ s role in social movements. In the narration of biographies in The Records of the Historian, he consciously introduced the relationship between ＂a thorough understanding of changes in the past and present＂ and ＂predicting the fall in the boom by exploring the origin and examining the subtlety＂. In expressing his idea of changes, Sima absorbed as the supreme models to follow based on two Confucian idea of form and content. He regarded The Six Classics considerations： The Six Classics provided the ideological principles for his writing of The Records of the Historian, and then the classics set up the supreme models for literary narration. Moreover, the classics served as the principles for Sima to write biographies for the many characters and standards to judge merits and demerits. ture of history in the pre-Qin days. The ters and noticing their values in history i Sima Qian＇ s new arrangement of history greatly changed the old strucchange lay in his practice of showing the spiritual features of the characn vivid language and literary style by selecting typical events and typical details so as to preserve the truthfulness of historical narration.
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期50-56,共7页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(13&ZD111)
关键词
司马迁
《史记》
文学特质
历史哲学
Sima Qian
The Records of the Historian
Characteristic of Literature
historical philosophy
