摘要
采用生物可降解地膜覆盖,设置平地全覆盖（M1）、垄沟半覆盖（M2）、连垄全覆盖（M3）与传统平地种植（CK）4种种植方式,通过2013—2014年2年夏玉米大田试验,分析降解膜覆盖下不同种植方式对土壤养分变化、土壤硝态氮分布以及作物对养分吸收利用率的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,3种覆盖种植方式均提高了表层0~50 cm土壤养分,其中土壤速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量增加显著,土壤有机质含量呈下降趋势;不同处理下土壤0~200 cm平均硝态氮含量均在播种后20~60 d明显减少,且在不同时期硝态氮含量峰值随着播种后天数的增加逐渐向下运移;M1、M2和M3处理的植株体内氮素累积量与CK相比均有不同程度增加,在播种后20~40 d累积量最多。3种覆盖处理2年氮肥偏生产力和氮素利用效率均显著高于CK处理（P〈0.05）,其中,M3氮素利用效率最高,比M1、M2处理分别提高了49.30%、33.10%。综合而言,覆盖降解膜有利于改善作物生长的水肥环境,促进作物对氮素的有效吸收,其中连垄全降解膜覆盖种植方式（M3）在保护土壤环境、提高耕作层土壤养分以及促进作物对养分的吸收利用效率等方面效果最佳。
In order to reveal the effects of biodegradable film mulching cultivation on soil nutrient and nitrogen use efficiency,a two-year field experiment was carried out in 2013 and 2014 to determine and calculate nitrate nitrogen and other nutrient contents in soil,nitrogen contents and yields of summer maize,partial factor productivity（ PFP） and nitrogen agronomic efficiency（ AE）. Four treatments,including flat planting without mulching（ CK）,flat planting with biodegradable film mulching（ M1）,ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridge only（ M2） and ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridges（ M3）,with three replicates were conducted. The results showed that nutrient content in 0 ~ 50 cm soil layer was increased under all mulching treatments compared with that under CK,especially available N,P and K contents were significantly increased. The reduction range of average nitrate nitrogen content in 0 ~ 200 cm soil layer reached the maximum at 20 ~ 60 d after sowing,and nitrate nitrogen peak value in different soil depths presented gradually downward migration trend with increment of the days after sowing. Summer maize nitrogen accumulation under M1,M2 and M3 were higher than that under CK,and achieved the greatest amount during 20 ~ 40 d after sowing. The PFP and AE under the three mulching treatments were significantly higher than that under CK（ P〈0.05）. The nitrogen use efficiency under M3 was greater than that under M1 and M2 and it was increased by 49. 30% and 33. 10%,respectively. Overall,it could be concluded that the treatment of ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching（ M3） reached the best effect on promoting nutrient uptake and improving yield of summer maize in drought area.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期133-142,112,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100504)
关键词
夏玉米
生物降解膜
土壤硝态氮
氮素利用效率
summer maize
biodegradable film
soil nitrate
nitrogen use efficiency
