摘要
运动能够降低多种全身系统性疾病发生和发展的风险,如糖尿病、高血压病及其他心血管方面的病变等。运动对眼部的影响主要表现为对眼压、眼部血流和血清因子的影响。在眼部病变中,青光眼与运动的联系最为紧密。目前,笔者汇总现有研究资料,已经明确以下内容：其一,快速运动（包括动态运动与等长运动）,能够快速降低眼压。正常人可降低1~8 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa）,青光眼患者可降低（12.86±2.05）mm Hg,眼压降低的幅度与运动强度密切相关。其二,长期运动后,青光眼患者基线眼压会降低,运动后的眼压波动减小。其三,免疫调节的效应以及神经修复的相关因子,在有氧运动前后变化均不明显。其四,动态运动中,眼压在恢复到基线前眼血流短暂增加,而且波动性的血流也增加,低强度运动后收缩压和舒张压变化不大,而高强度运动后收缩压增加,但整个眼的灌注保持相对稳定,提示出眼的血流存在着自我调节机制。其五,年轻的、高度近视眼进展期的青光眼患者,在运动中可能存在眼缺血的问题,色素性青光眼患者运动后眼压增加,对于这些患者,不推荐进行运动。因此可以认为,有氧运动可以进一步降低药物治疗中的开角型青光眼患者眼压,长期低强度有氧运动是一种安全有效、简便易行的降眼压方法。本文中笔者将运动对眼压的影响及其机制、运动对眼部相关血清因子的影响、运动对眼部血流的影响以及运动可能对眼部造成的危害进行了综述。
Exercise can reduce the risk of multiple systemic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The effects of exercise on the eyes are mainly manifested in the effects of intraocular pressure, ocular blood flow and serum factors. In the eye diseases, glaucoma and movement are closely related. At present, the author summarized the existing research data shows： first, the fast motion including the dynamic movement and isometric exercise, can reduce the intraocular pressure （IOP） rapidly, normal people can reduce 1-8 mmHg （1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa）, the number for glaucoma patients can be （12.86±2.05） mmHg,the amplitude of eye pressure reduction is closely related to the intensity of exercise. Second, after long-term exercise, the baseline IOP of glaucoma patients will be reduced, and the intraocular pressure fluctuation will decrease after exercise. Third, the effect of immune regulation and the related factors of nerve repair are not obvious in the aerobic exercise. Fourth, dynamic movement, IOP in recovery to baseline ocular blood flow transient increases, and the fluctuation of blood flow also increased, low intensity exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not change much, and high intensity exercise systolic pressure increased, but the entire eye perfusion remained relatively stable, suggesting a ocular blood flow on a self-regulating mechanism. Fifth, young high myopia in extension in patients with glaucoma, ocular ischemia may be present in the movement, pigmentary glaucoma patients after the intraocular pressure increases, for whom, exercise is not recommended. Therefore, it is believed that there is a safe and effective method to reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with open angle glaucoma. In this article ,the author will review the effects of exercise on the intraocular pressure and its mechanism, the influence of exercise on the ocular blood flow, as well as the effects of exercise on ocular blood flow.
出处
《中华眼科医学杂志（电子版）》
2016年第1期7-10,共4页
Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition)
基金
北京市科学技术委员会首都特色临床医学技术发展研究
北京市自然科学基金(No.7152071)
关键词
有氧运动
整合眼科学
青光眼
眼压
Aerobic exercise
Integrated ophthalmology
Glaucoma
Intraocular pressure
