摘要
《中华人民共和国药典》规定中药青蒿为菊科植物黄花蒿Artemisia annua L.的干燥地上部分,但中药青蒿药材名与植物学中的青蒿Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham中文名相同,造成长期以来的混淆和学术争议。本文对古代医药文献中涉及药材青蒿的原植物形态、分布、物候等资料进行了梳理,并与植物黄花蒿和青蒿分类特征进行了比较,证实古文献中由于分类学知识的局限,所记载的药材青蒿从形态特征上包括植物黄花蒿和青蒿。但由于植物青蒿资源稀少,而黄花蒿资源量大,且含有截疟功效的青蒿素,故当今学者多将植物黄花蒿作为中药青蒿来源,1985年至2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》对药材青蒿标明来源均为植物黄花蒿。同时,本文结合DNA条形码分子鉴定技术,对植物黄花蒿、青蒿及其易混淆的物种进行了分析。结果认为:黄花蒿和青蒿两个物种从形态、物候和分子方面都能进行明显的区分。
The original plant of traditional Chinese medicine ＂Qinghao＂ is Artemisia annua L. in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. As a different plant, Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham was called ＂Qinghao＂ in the Chinese medicine. The relationship of ＂Qinghao＂ and Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham was confusion for a long time. In this paper, we summarizes the information of ＂Qinghao＂ which is listed in Chinese ancient books, and compared to the identification features of both A. annua and A. carvifolia. The results suggest that ＂Qinghao＂ in ancient time includes both A. annua and A. carvifolia. At present, the utilization value of A. annua is low because lack of resources and artemisinin, and most of scholars believe that the original plant of ＂Qinghao＂ is A. annua. Then, combined with DNA barcode technology, A. annua and A. carvifolia has been distinguished from each other based on morphological characteristics, phenological period and molecular characteristics.
出处
《药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期486-495,共10页
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
基金
重大新药创制国家科技重大专项(2014ZX09304307)
关键词
黄花蒿
青蒿
青蒿素
本草考证
Artemisia annua
Artemisia carvifolia
artemisinin
literature study
