摘要
【目的】开展巨大革耳覆土栽培试验,筛选出适合巨大革耳栽培应用的覆土材料。【方法】利用甘蔗滤泥、菌渣发酵料、稻田土、黏质黄泥土、蜂窝煤渣土、草菇栽培废料和水浸腐烂变质稻草作覆土材料栽培巨大革耳,比较覆土材料间的重量、孔隙度、持水率和团粒结构等理化性状,分析不同材料对巨大革耳第一潮采收时间、第二潮采收时间、采收个数、最大单个重、最小单个重及采收总产量的影响。【结果】7种覆土材料栽培巨大革耳均能出菇,其中蜂窝煤渣土、甘蔗滤泥、草菇栽培废料和稻田土处理的巨大革耳第一潮菇转化率均在60.00%以上,以蜂窝煤渣土处理的转化率最高,达92.32%;材料重量轻、孔隙度大及透气透水性好的腐烂变质稻草及草菇栽培废料利于保持土面上方空气新鲜,原基分化成子实体的数量多,也利于二潮菇生长,但其分化时间慢、出菇较迟;材料重量重的稻田土和黏质黄泥土可加重菌床机械刺激,团粒板结孔隙度小,二氧化碳易在其表面积累,巨大革耳出菇早、个体大。【结论】以蜂窝煤渣土、甘蔗滤泥及草菇栽培废料覆盖栽培巨大革耳,其转化率均高于70.00%,可在生产上推广应用。
【Objective】The cultivation experiment of Panus giganteus was carried out, in order to screen suitable casing soil for P. giganteus. 【Method】Seven kinds of cover-soil materials viz., sugarcane filter mud, mushroom residue fermentation material, paddy soil, clayey yellow soil, honeycomb cinder soil, straw mushroom cultivation waste and watersoaked rotten straw were used to cultivate P. giganteus, respectively. And the physiochemical properties of cover-soil materials, such as weight, porosity, specific retention and granular structure, were compared, so as to analyze effects of different cover-soil materials on the first and second harvest time, number of harvested fruit body, weight of maximum fruit body, weight of minimum fruit body and total yield. 【Result】P. giganteus could fruit on seven cover-soil materials. And using honeycomb cinder soil, sugarcane filter mud, straw mushroom cultivation waste and paddy soil as cover-soil materials, the conversion rate of the first harvest was more than 60.00%, and using honeycomb cinder soil as cover-soil materials, the yield and conversion rate（ 92. 32 %） were the highest. In addition, the water- soaked rotten straw and straw mushroom cultivation waste were good for the second fruiting, because they were characterized by light weight, large porosity and good air permeability, which could keep air above soil surface fresh and promote primordium differentiating into more sporocarp, but the differentiation time and fruiting time were delayed. Furthermore, the paddy soil and clayey yellow soil with heavy weight could predate time of fruiting and favor holding single heavy sporocarp, because they could aggravate mechanical stimulation of culture bed, the carbon dioxide was easy to be accumulated on soil surface, and the porosity between hardened granules was small. 【Conclusion】The honeycomb cinder soil, sugarcane filter mud and straw mushroom cultivation waste can be used as cover-soil materials of P. giganteus cultivation, and their conversion rates were more than 70.00%, which should be applied and extended in the production.
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期246-250,共5页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科合1347004-9)
广西农业厅重点科技计划项目(201408)
南宁市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20135034)
关键词
巨大革耳
覆土材料
产量
转化率
P.giganteus
cover-soil material
yield
conversion rate
