摘要
大跃进及困难时期形成了一波全国范围内涉及两千万人的城乡间大流转。在大跃进背景下,上海暂停了此前的对城市人口增长的严控政策,大量郊县及临近省份农民进入上海市区。危机爆发后,随即出台了强力的精简城镇职工政策,大批人口随后回到农村。利用地方档案资料研究发现,工厂企业、职工、农村和农民、地方政府等不同主体出于自身利益的现实考虑,对精简政策的反应和态度差异明显,展现了这一历史事件多样性和复杂性的一面。上海市通过全民性的政治动员,在1961—1963年间陆续动员了大批职工离开,最终使得上海人口规模回复到大跃进之前的水平。这"一来一回"的流转构成了计划经济时期中国大地上强度最大的一次人口迁移。此后,城乡人口迁移受到极严格的控制,大跃进也成为了当代中国移民史上的一道分水岭。
During the Great Leap Forward movement and the following years, more than 20 million people have moved from rural to urban then return back. Shanghai suspended the previous policies of strictly controlling of urban population growth, and then a large number of farmers living nearby counties and neighboring provinces flew into the downtown area. However, a lot of people returned back rural after the uncharitable retrenchment policies issued. By the archives of Shanghai, this article found that different stakeholders, including enterprises, workers, farmers, local government and others, held significant different attitudes to the retrenchment policies, for the sake of their own interests, and this demonstrated the diversity and complexity of this historical event. By a referendum of political mobilization,Shanghai Municipal Government had mobilized a large number of employees back to rural areas during 1961 -1963 ,and ultimately made its population size back to the level before the Great Leap Forward. This is the largest population circulation in the planned economy period China. Since then, the urban-rural migration had been controlled unprecedented grimly; the Great Leap Forward has also become a watershed in the history of population movement in contemporary China.
出处
《中国经济史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期140-153,共14页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
中国博士后科学基金(2015M570320)资助课题阶段性成果之一
关键词
大跃进人口迁移
大招工
精简职工
Great Leap Forward
Migration
Recruitment
Retrenchment Policies
