摘要
目的：介绍我国近10年来屎肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌（Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Escherichia coli,ESKAPE）这6种主要致病菌的检出率及耐药率的变化。方法 ：检索并下载2005—2014年的中国细菌耐药监测数据,使用EXCEL软件对每年临床分离的菌株总数,革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌和ESKAPE的占比,以及上述6种主要致病菌的检出株数、所占比例和耐药情况等进行统计、分析。结果 ：ESKAPE的占比由2005年的58.0%上升至2014年的68.4%。屎肠球菌的检出率为3%~4%,对万古霉素的耐药率小幅上升;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率逐年下降,2014年的占比为44%;产广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended-spectrum β-lactamases,ESBLs）肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率由2007年的44.9%下降至2014年的29.9%;鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率由2005年的8.1%上升至2014年的10.3%,对美罗培南的耐药率由2005年的39.0%上升至2014年的66.7%,另有1.0%~1.9%的菌株对多黏菌素B耐药;铜绿假单胞菌的检出率呈缓步下降趋势,近5年均维持在10%左右,对美罗培南的耐药率也缓步下降至2014年的24.3%;产ESBLs大肠埃希菌的占比基本维持在55%左右。结论 ：近10年来金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌的耐药性得到一定程度的遏制,但屎肠球菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性仍呈上升趋势。
Objective： To introduce the changes of the detective rate and drug resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Escherichia coli（ESKAPE） in the past ten years in China. Methods： The bacterial resistance surveillance data in China from 2005 to 2014 were downloaded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010,including the total clinically isolated strains,the ratio of Gram-positive bacteria,Gram-negative bacteria and ESCAPE,and the number,ratio as well as drug resistance of ESKAPE. Results： ESKAPE accounted for 58% in 2005 and increased to 68.4% in 2014. The detective rate of Enterococcus faecium was 3%~4%,and the drug resistance rate to vancomycin had a slight increase. The detective rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decreased year by year,down to 44% in 2014. The strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases（ESBLs） in Klebsiella pneumoniae decreased from 44.9% in 2007 to 29.9% in 2014. The detective rate of Acinetobacter baumannii increased from 8.1% in 2005 to 10.3% in 2014,and the resistance rate to meropenem increased from 39.0% in 2005 to 66.7% in 2014,and also increased slightly to polymyxin B. The detective rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a declining trend,maintained at around 10% in nearly five years. And the resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosato meropenem declined to 24.3% in 2014. Strains of Escherichia coli producing ESBLs kept at around 55%,almost unchanged in ten years. Conclusion： The drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was effectively inhibited,but Enterococcus faecium,Acinetobacter baumannii continued to show a rising trend.
出处
《上海医药》
CAS
2016年第5期11-14,20,共5页
Shanghai Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal
关键词
抗菌药物
耐药菌
检出率
耐药率
antibacterial agents
drug-resistant bacteria
detective rate
resistance rate to antibacterial agents
