摘要
一定的物理管控是存款的占有之必要要件,作为人与人之间权利义务关系,债无所谓占有,银行是存款的占有人,其同意构成规范上存款名义人实现债权的必要前提。错误汇款被撤销或变更前,不能否定存款名义人对银行之债权,银行对债权实现的审核不包括存款的来源,故债权可自由行使。侵占罪与转移占有类财物罪的根本差异在于先前的占有转移是否合法,侵占罪的行为对象与保护客体可以适当分离而将财产性利益纳入保护客体之中,"代为保管的他人财物"是指欠缺实体物权获得根据而负返还义务的他人财物。错误汇款案件,无论取现还是转账,都属于具备债权但欠缺终极性的物权获得根据的行为,其以合法转移银行占有的现金的方式非法侵犯了汇款人的财产性利益,构成侵占罪。
A certain degree of physical control is the necessary condition of possession. As the relationship of rights and obligations between creditors and debtors,debt cannot be possessed by anyone. Bank is the possessor of deposit money. When a nominal depositor attempts to realize his / its credits,bank＇s consent is the necessary normal promise. Before the wrongly remitted deposit is withdrawn or modified,the bank cannot deny the nominal depositor＇s rights. Banks don＇t demand to investigate the source of deposits before realization of nominal depositors＇ rights,so the nominal depositor can realize his / its rights freely. Legality of the possession＇s transfer is the essential difference between misappropriation and property crimes with illegal possession＇s transfer. The object of behavior and the object of protection in misappropriation can be separated in a certain degree,so that interests of property can be included by protected legal interest in misappropriation. ＂Another person＇s property in the latter＇s custody＂means another person＇s property which has to be given back due to a lack of substantive real rights. In cases referring to wrongly remitted deposits,including encashment and transfer remittance,although such nominal depositors own creditors＇ rights,they don＇t own ultimate substantive real rights to transfer and keep deposit cash. The nominal depositor violates remitter＇s substantial property interests illegally through transferring the deposit cashes possessed by bank illegally. Therefore,such cases should be and can only be recognized as misappropriation.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期121-136,共16页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家留学基金委"国家建设高水平大学公派研究生"项目
北京大学靖江法律教育国际化发展基金资助
关键词
错误汇款
存款的占有
银行占有
占有转移
侵占罪
Wrongly Remitted Deposit
Possession of Deposit
Possessed by Bank
Possession＇s Transfer
Misappropriation
