摘要
为了给新疆渔业水质提供数据积累和技术支撑,2013年5-9月对乌鲁木齐塔桥湾水库的渔业水质展开了调查,测定了酸碱度(p H)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO^-_2-N)、氨氮(NH^+_4-N)、非离子氨(NH3)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、溶解氧(DO)、水温(T)、蓄水量(V)共计11个指标。采用相关性分析、单项污染指数、综合营养状态指数及主成分分析方法研究该水库水质现状和污染特征,并对我国现有水质标准中NH^+_4-N和NH3的指标规定进行了探讨。结果显示,塔桥湾水库水质呈弱碱性,p H月均值在7.45~8.59;NH_3、NH^+_4-N、TN、CODMn、TP浓度均严重超过渔业水质标准限值;月均氮磷比为20.0~151.6:1,月均综合营养指数为59.8~78.3,水体一直处在氮元素过剩和富营养状态,营养盐和有机物是塔桥湾水库的主要污染物。水库多项水质因子之间存在密切的相关性,其中TN、TP、NO^-_2-N、NH^+_4-N两两之间的相关系数为0.742~0.890,蓄水量与TN、TP、NO^-_2-N、NH^+_4-N、NH_3、p H、Chl-a的相关系数在0.585~0.943。主成分分析表明,营养盐和有机物对水质的影响随时间而改变,5-8月营养盐对水质的影响作用在减弱,有机物、水温和溶解氧对水质的影响作用在增强。认为我国现行标准中NH^+_4-N和NH_3的安全浓度过于严格,不符合渔业管理实际,塔桥湾水库当前水质已使得鱼类处于慢性的环境胁迫中。
The statistical analysis report of Xinjiang fisheries in 2013 showed that reservoir breeding areas were the first among Xinjiang fisheries. Along with other functions,the small and medium-sized reservoirs located in the suburbs of Xinjiang cities generally produce fish. However,direct discharge of untreated sewage has degraded the water quality of these reservoirs in recent years and only a few studies have been reported on the ecology of reservoir fisheries in Xinjiang. In this study,we investigated the fishery water quality in Taqiaowan Reservoir,a mediumsized reservoir located in the suburb of Urumqi,the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. From May to September 2013,monthly monitoring of water quality were carried out at three sampling sites in the reservoir. Water samples were collected at 50 cm below the surface water and eleven water quality parameters closely related to fishery production were measured： p H,chlorophyll a（ Chl-a）,nitrite nitrogen（ NO-2-N）,ammonia and ammonium nitrogen（ NH3/ NH＋4-N）,chemical oxygen demand（ CODMn）,total nitrogen（ TN）,total phosphorous（ TP）,dissolved oxygen（ DO）,water temperature（ T） and volume（ V）. Fishery water quality and pollution characteristics of Taqiaowan Reservoir were then analyzed by correlation analysis,single pollution index,comprehensive trophic state index and principal component analysis. The water in Taqiaowan Reservoir was weakly alkaline（ average monthly p H ranged from 7. 45 to 8. 59） and levels of NH3,NH＋4-N,TN,CODMnand TP far exceeded fishery water quality standards. The average ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus during the investigation ranged from 20. 31 ∶ 1to 156. 6 ∶ 1 and the comprehensive trophic state index ranged from 59. 8 to 78. 3. The water body was always eutrophic due to excess nitrogen. Nutrients and organic matter were the primary pollutants in Taqiaowan Reservoir.Correlation analysis shows that there were strong correlations among the water quality parameters with correlation coefficients among TN,TP,NO-2-N,NH＋4-N ranging from 0. 742 to 0. 890 and correlation coefficients between water storage and TN,TP,NO-2-N,NH＋4-N,NH3,p H,Chl-a ranging from 0. 585 to 0. 943. Principal component analysis indicates that the effects of nutrients and organic matter on water quality varied over time. From May to August,the effects of nutrients on water quality were declining,while the effects of organic matter,water temperature and dissolved oxygen were increasing. The evaluation criteria for NH＋4-N and NH3 in the existing fishery water quality standard were also discussed. This water quality study of a highly polluted reservoir has practical significance for fisheries in Xinjiang and provides a reference for managing the quality and security of aquatic products.
出处
《水生态学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期39-45,共7页
Journal of Hydroecology
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-46-55)
关键词
塔桥湾水库
渔业水质
富营养化
Tapiaowan Reservoir
fishery water quality
eutrophication
