摘要
2014年冬,浙江多地意蜂群出现大量死亡。为了探究这一突发事件的原因,我们实地察看了现场、发放了调查问卷,并取样进行了病毒和微孢子虫的检测分析。结果表明,本次突发事件的主要原因可以排除急性农药中毒和急性污染物中毒的可能性。在病毒感染率上,患病蜂群DWV的感染率显著高于健康蜂群,但健康蜂群BQCV的感染率却显著高于患病蜂群。在病毒多重感染水平和病毒滴度上,患病蜂群显著高于健康蜂群;同时,患病蜂群N.ceranae的感染率和感染水平都要显著高于健康蜂群。本研究提示多重病毒感染、DWV和IAPV的高病毒滴度及N.ceranae的感染和这次蜜蜂死亡事件密切相关。鉴于狄斯瓦螨在促进病毒病方面的作用,蜂螨也有可能是蜂群死亡的间接原因之一。此外,本研究同时表明,几乎所有的表面健康蜂群同时感染多种病原,健康情况堪忧。为避免类似死亡事件的发生,一方面需力求降低病原体的感染水平,另一方面可以调整饲养管理方式促进蜜蜂的健康水平,同时减少外界不良因素的刺激。
Large scale colony losses of Apis mellifera happened in several regions in Zhejiang Province in the winter of 2014. In order to explore the causes of the colony losses, we inspected the occurrence sites, issued the questionnaires and analysed the infection of viruses and Nosema. Result indicated that acute pesticide and pollutant poisoning could be excluded as the major causes of the death. DWV infection rate of diseased colonies was significantly higher than that of healthy colonies, however, the BQCV infection rate was opposite. In addition, Nosema ceranae infection rates and spore loads of diseased colonies were significantly higher compared with that of healthy colonies. Our investi- gation and analysis suggested that multiple virus infections, high DWV and IAPV titers and N.ceranae infection were closely related to the colony losses. Considering the role of Varroa mites in promoting virus proliferation, Varroa destructor might be one of the important indirect causes of the death. Moreover, it is worth noting that almost all apparently healthy colonies were infected with a variety of pathogens, which suggested that the health of these colonies were ac- tually in a serious condition. To prevent similar incidents, efforts should be carried outto decrease infection levels of pathogens. Meanwhile, management manners should be improved to increase the disease resistance of honeybees and the stimulations of environmental adverse factors should be avoided.
出处
《中国蜂业》
2016年第4期20-24,共5页
Apiculture of China
基金
国家蜂产业技术体系专项(CARS-45)
金华市农业研究计划项目(2014-2-009)
关键词
意蜂
蜂群死亡
病毒
多重感染
微孢子虫
狄斯瓦螨
Apis mellifera, colony losses, virus, multiple infections, N. ceranae, Varroa destructor
