摘要
电力设备用绝缘材料在使用过程中承受电、热、机械等多种因素的应力作用,电气性能逐渐下降,研究绝缘材料的老化机理和寿命模型对材料寿命评估具有重要的意义。首先从传统的绝缘材料宏观老化模型出发,总结了电、热、机械应力作用以及联合作用下的绝缘材料老化寿命模型,其次从微观角度总结归类了由于空间电荷效应导致绝缘材料微观缺陷的几种绝缘老化寿命模型。最后探讨了未来绝缘材料老化寿命模型的研究方向和发展趋势。通过对比分析了不同宏观老化模型的优缺点,并从微观角度分析了空间电荷效应及其引发的其他效应(材料内部微孔的形成、局部放电的发生、电树枝的引发与生长等)对绝缘材料的老化破坏作用。基于空间电荷效应的绝缘老化寿命模型有望用于评估直流下的绝缘老化寿命,今后对于绝缘材料寿命模型的研究应该由宏观转向微观,并且应借助各种先进的宏观微观观测分析手段,将仿真和实验紧密结合,采用动态分析方法建立物理意义明确、失效时间准确的绝缘老化寿命模型。
The electrical property of insulation materials used for electrical equipment decreases gradually under electrical, thermal and mechanical stresses, so researches on aging mechanism and life models of insulation materials are of vital significance to insulation life evaluation. Consequently, firstly, we summarized life models under the stresses of electrical, thermal and mechanical stresses based on traditional macroscopic insulation aging models. Secondly,we summarized several insulation aging life models due to micro-defects induced by space charge effects from microscopic aspects. Finally, we put forward the research direction and development tendency of aging models for insulation materials for further research. The advantages/disadvantages of different macroscopic life models were analyzed according to comparisons. And damage effects of space charge on insulation materials（formation and enlargement of micro-voids, occurrence of partial discharge, and initiation and growth of electrical trees inside insulation, etc.） were analyzed from microscopic angle. Life models of insulation materials based on space charge effects were adopted to evaluate life of insulation under DC fields. It is pointed out that researches of insulation life models should focus on micro rather than macro, adopt various advanced microscopic and macroscopic measuring and analysis methods, and tightly combine simulations with experiments, so as to create insulation life models with specific physical meanings and accurate failure time using dynamic analysis methods.
出处
《高电压技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期861-867,共7页
High Voltage Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(51377131)~~
关键词
绝缘材料
直流
老化
寿命模型
空间电荷
寿命评估
微观
insulation material
DC
aging
life model
space charge
life evaluation
microcosmic
