摘要
近代华茶国际贸易的速荣与速衰是引人注目的历史现象,在中国社会经济亟待转型的历史语境下,探析其背后深层次原因成为学者关注的重点,这些观点可以归纳为四类,但极少从市场交易基本机制方面进行探讨。实际上,我们可从信息不对称角度对该现象进行分析,将具有典型代表性的汉口茶叶外贸市场作为案例分析对象。汉口茶叶外贸市场广泛存在着各种类型的信息不对称,促使各主体采用各种交易制度和措施以规避风险,这降低了信息不对称带来的损失,却给汉口茶叶外贸市场形势的恶化带来隐患。汉口茶叶外贸市场各交易主体为应对信息不对称冲击下的变化,各自调整发展策略,英商快速转移市场经营重心,洋商联合操纵茶市转嫁风险,华商集体动员尽力维持交易秩序,俄商最终实现垄断。茶叶外贸市场走向市场失灵和萎缩,而政府的规制收效甚微、难见起色。
The rapid rise and fall of the international trade in Chinese tea in early modern times is a striking historical phenomenon.In a historical context in which China's society and economy impatiently awaited transformation,the underlying causes of this rise and fall have become a focus for scholarly exploration.Views on the subject fall into four categories,but rarely include discussion of the basic mechanisms of market transactions.We propose to analyze this phenomenon from the perspective of the asymmetry of market information,using Hankou Port as a representative case.The various types of information asymmetry found in the Hankou foreign trade tea market made the different entities involved adopt risk-averse trading systems and measures,thereby reducing losses due to information asymmetry.However,this sowed the seeds of the decline of foreign trade in the Hankou tea market.In response to the market impact of information asymmetry,market trading entities adjusted their development strategies:the English quickly shifted their trading focus;other foreign merchants transferred risk by banding together to manipulate the market;the Chinese mobilized collectively to maintain the trading order;and the Russians ultimately monopolized the market.The foreign trade tea market withered on the vine as a result of market failure,with government regulation having a negligible effect.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期61-77,192,共17页
Historical Research
基金
教育部社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国山区开发与发展的历史研究”(BJZD038)的阶段性成果
教育部和“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”的资助
