摘要
为明确合理密植条件下调亏灌溉的节水增产效果,在新疆干旱区大田研究了灌溉量(饱和灌溉、正常灌溉、调亏灌溉)和种植密度(12万、18万、24万株·hm-2)对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响。结果表明,灌溉量和种植密度对棉花生物产量、经济系数、经济产量有显著的互作效应,但对纤维品质没有影响。调亏灌溉显著抑制营养生长,但提高了收获指数;调亏灌溉下适当提高密度,显著提高了生物产量和单位面积铃数。调亏灌溉下高密度处理组合在用水量减少20%的情况下,棉花产量与正常灌溉下中、高密度以及饱和灌溉下低密度等高产组合的产量相当。调亏灌溉配合合理密植是旱区棉花节水增产的有效栽培途径之一。
This study examined the effects of regulated deficit irrigation and different plant densities on plant growth and development, yield, and fiber quality of cotton in dry land areas. A two-factorial experiment was conducted to determine the water-saving and yield-improving benefits of regulated deficit irrigation on the dry land of Xinjiang in 2014. Cotton was treated under different irrigation regimes（saturation irrigation, regular irrigation, deficit irrigation） and at different plant population densities（1.2×105, 1.8×105, and 2.4×105plants·hm-2）. Net photosynthetic rates were measured and the dry weight of vegetative and reproductive organs was determined and used to calculate the harvest index（seed cotton yield/final biological yield）. Plant height, stem diameter, the number of bolls, lint percentage, and fiber quality were also examined. The results showed significant interaction effects of irrigation and plant density on biological yield, harvest index, and economic yield of cotton, but no effect on fiber quality. Regulated deficit irrigation significantly inhibited vegetative growth, but increased the harvest index. Appropriate increases in plant density significantly increased biological yield and the number of bolls per unit area under regulated deficit irrigation. Regulated deficit irrigation plus high plant density not only reduced water consumption by 20%, but also produced the same amount of cotton as normal irrigation at high or moderate plant density, or saturation irrigation at low plant density. Regulated deficit irrigation combined with increased plant density is, therefore, an effective alternative to save water without decreasing yield.
出处
《棉花学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期184-188,共5页
Cotton Science
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系--棉花产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-18-21)
农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术重点项目(2014-G19)
关键词
棉花
种植密度
调亏灌溉
生长发育
产量
品质
cotton
plant density
deficit irrigation
growth and development
yield
fiber quality
