摘要
目的了解2014年北京市石景山区法定传染病的发病特征。方法使用SPSS 17.0与Excel 2007软件对2014年北京市石景山区法定传染病发病数据进行描述性统计分析,应用率和构成比对资料进行统计学描述。结果2014年石景山区法定传染病报告发病率为761.77/10万,较2011-2013年平均值上升6.12%;报告死亡率为0.01‰,较2011-2013年平均值下降23.89%。报告发病率居前5位的依次为其他感染性腹泻病、手足口病、痢疾、肺结核和流行性感冒。男性发病率是女性的1.18倍。0~5岁、5~10岁和85岁以上组报告发病率较高。散居儿童、幼托儿童、离退人员、干部职员和学生占全部病例数的81.51%。2014年石景山区肠道传染病的发病高峰出现在5-7月,呼吸道传染病的发病高峰出现在11-12月、1月以及4-5月。按传播途经分析,肠道传染病占全部病例数的81.80%,然后依次为呼吸道传染病（12.85%）、经血及性传播传染病（5.29%）和动物源性及虫媒传染病（0.23%）。结论在法定报告传染病中,肠道传染病是石景山区的防控重点,10岁以下是防控重点人群,5-7月是肠道传染病的防控重点时间段,11月-次年1月以及4-5月是呼吸道传染病的防控重点时间段。多种人为因素可能使得传染病发病率出现假性波动,需采取措施加以控制。
Objective To learn the characteristics of notifiable diseases morbidity in Shijingshan district of Beijing.Methods Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the morbidity of notifiable diseases in Shijingshan District in 2014,with SPSS 17. 0 and Excel 2007. Rate and constituent ratio were used to carry out statistical descriptive. Results In 2014,the morbidity of notifiable diseases was 761. 77 /105,an increase of 6. 12% over the average during 2011- 2013,and the mortality was 0. 01‰,a decrease of 23. 89% below the average during 2011- 2013. Top 5 diseases of the reported incidence were other infectious diarrhea,hand-foot- mouth disease,dysentery,tuberculosis and influenza. The male incidence was 1. 18 times that of female. The incidences were higher in age group 0 ~ 5 years,5 ~ 10 years and 85 years older. Scattered children,children in kindergarten,retired personnel,cadres of staff and students accounted for 81. 51% of the number of cases. The incidence peak of intestinal infectious diseases was during May-July,and the incidence peak of respiratory infectious diseases was November,December,January,April and May. According to the transmission route,intestinal infectious diseases accounted for 81. 80% of the total number of cases,followed by the respiratory infectious diseases（ 12. 85%）,blood and sexually transmitted disease（ 5. 29%）,animal and insect borne infectious diseases（ 0. 23%）. Conclusion In notifiable diseases,intestinal infectious disease is the focus of prevention and control in Shijingshan District. People under the age of 10 are the key population of prevention and control. May,June and July are the key time periods to prevent and control intestinal infectious diseases.November,December,January,April and May are the key time periods to prevent and control respiratory infectious diseases.Many factors cause the incidence of infectious diseases to be false,and some measures should be taken to control.
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2016年第2期74-77,共4页
Capital Journal of Public Health
关键词
法定传染病
发病率
死亡率
Notifiable diseases
Morbidity
Mortality
