摘要
现有研究主要将食品安全监管政策的总体方向定位为强化监管,隐含了增加监管力度就会减少市场违规行为的假设。本文基于理性与有限理性假设的违规决策分析,在理论上发现并通过仿真验证:加大监管力度对生产经营者食品安全违规行为的影响具有两面性。在某些情形下,随着监管力度的增强,食品安全违规行为反而逐渐增多("监管困境")。同时,生产经营者的平均收益水平和行业总体收益水平也会相应降低("违规困境")。据此,作者提出食品安全治理的"监管有界性"假说,并在此基础上提出食品安全监管制度应从单纯增加监管总量的制度安排转变为结构动态优化的"监管平衡"制度安排,即监管者面对监管资源不足的严峻现实,应联动地看待生产经营者、消费者和监管者的三元结构,根据生产经营者的违规超额收益和消费者支付水平动态调整监管力度,而不同的监管力度又会影响生产经营者的违规超额收益和消费者的支付水平,以此追求食品安全监管的三维动态平衡。
Most of the research assumed that the fired safety regulatory policy should be more string, which means that more institution supply would decrease the opportunity of food safety policy violation. This paper is based on the rational and limited rational of food safety decision making, using the method of simulation and find that： strengthen the regulatory power would have dual side impact on the food producers＇ policy violation behavior. In some situation, with the regulatory power enhancing, the food policy violation behavior would increase （ the dilemma of regulation）. In the meanwhile, the average revenue and the total revenue of industry would also decrease （the dilemma of food policy violation）. As a result, this paper comes up with the theory of regulatory balance in food safety governance. Based on this theory, we concluded that food safety regulatory institution should transform from strengthen regulatory power only, to optimize the structural regulatory institution arrangement, which means that when regulatory resource was scarce, government should take the food producers, consumers and regulators into consideration. Government should adjust the regulatory power based on the producer revenue and consumer payment willingness, in return the different level of regulatory power would impact the producer revenue and consumer payment willingness. Finally the paper concludes that government should balance the regulatory power, producer revenue and consumer payment willingness, instead of strengthening the regulatory power.
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期174-187,共14页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“食品药品安全社会共治的制度安排:需求、设计、实现与对策研究”(14ZDA074)
国家社会科学基金重点项目“食品安全协同治理的国际比较研究”(15AZZ013)
国家自然科学基金项目“供应链协同中信息系统的治理价值研究”(71371198)的资助
关键词
食品安全
监管困境
监管有界性
制度安排
监管平衡
Food Safety
Dilemma of Regulation
Regulatory Boundedness
Institution Arrangement
Regulatory Balance
