摘要
以棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）为试验材料,采用防雨棚下桶栽土培方法,进行调亏灌溉（Regulated deficit irrigation,RDI）对棉花根、冠生长的影响研究。试验采用二因素随机区组设计,设置4个水分调亏阶段：苗期（I）、蕾期（II）、花铃期（III）和吐絮期（IV）;每个调亏阶段设置3个水分调亏度：轻度调亏（L）、中度调亏（M）和重度调亏（S）,土壤相对含水率（占田间持水率的百分数）控制上、下限分别为60%-65%FC（Field capacity）、50%-55%FC和40%-45%FC;另设全生育期保持适宜土壤水分处理作为对照（CK）,土壤相对含水率控制下限分别为60%FC（苗期）、60%FC（蕾期）、70%FC（花铃期）和60%FC（吐絮期）。分别在水分调亏期间和复水后测定各处理根系参数和地上干物质质量。试验结果表明,RDI对植株根、冠生长发育的影响因不同水分调亏阶段和不同水分调亏度而异。水分调亏不改变棉花根系生长的原有总体趋势,但对根系生长速率具有促进作用。棉花各生育阶段的中度水分调亏（50%-60%FC）在调亏期间对根系生长有明显促进效应或维持较高的根质量,复水后有不同程度的根系补偿生长效应或延缓根系衰亡作用,后期仍保持较高的根冠比（R/S）,因而是协调棉花根/冠关系的适宜水分调亏处理。RDI可以有效调控棉花根/冠生长关系。
The effects of regulated deficit irrigation（ RDI） on growth of roots and shoots of cotton plants were experimentally investigated during the growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 in pot-grown cotton（ Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Meimian 99B） under rain-proof shelter condition in Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China,aiming at offering theoretical basis for the establishment of RDI model for water-saving,high yield,high quality and efficiency of cotton crops. A two-factor randomize-block design was applied. The first factor was different growth stages of water deficit,including seedling stage（ I）,budding stage（ II）,flowering and boll-setting stages（ III） and boll-opening stage（ IV）. Another factor was different degrees of water deficit,which were three levels controlled by soil relative water content,including light deficit（ L）,moderate deficit（ M） and severe deficit（ S） at stages of I to IV,corresponding soil relative water content were controlled at 60% - 65% FC（ Field capacity）,50% - 55% FC and 40% - 45% FC,respectively. Totally 12 water deficit treatments with six replicates were designed and applied.Additionally,an appropriate irrigation treatment（ with soil relative water content controlled at 60% -70% FC at seedling stage,60% - 70% FC at budding stage,70% - 80% FC at flowering and boll-setting stages and 60% - 70% FC at boll-opening stage） during the whole growing season was designed as control（ CK） with 24 replicates. Root system parameters,such as root dry weight,root weight density and total shoot dry matter weight were measured synchronously in all treatments during water stress period and after re-watering,respectively. The results indicated that there were differences in effects of RDI on growth of roots and shoots in cotton due to both phenological stages and degrees of water deficit. Although water deficit didn＇t change the original trend of root growth in cotton,the growth rate of root was promoted. The growth of root was promoted significantly during moderate water deficit（ 50% - 60% FC）at some growing stages,and there was a ‘super-compensation effect ＇in root growth or the effect on delaying senescence of root after re-watering,and a higher ratio of root to shoot（ R / S） was still retained at later stage of cotton growth. Therefore,it was indicated that moderate water deficit was suitable irrigation treatment for coordinating the relation of root and shoot growth of cotton. The results suggested that RDI should be adopted as an effective approach in regulating the growth of root and shoot in cotton plants.
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第4期99-104,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100509)
河南省科技攻关项目(科技攻关-2015)
中国农业科学院科技创新专项资金项目
河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站观测研究及数据信息系统建设项目
关键词
棉花
调亏灌溉
根冠生长
根冠比
补偿效应
cotton
regulated deficit irrigation
growth of root and shoot
ratio of root to shoot
compensatory effect
