4Alan Merriam. The Anthropology of Music , Evanston , Illinois: Northwest University Press , 1964 , PP. 223 - 227.
5Emile Durkheim. The Elementary Forms of Reli- gious Life. (originally published in France Vision, Paris: E. Alcan, 1912. ) Translated and with an Introduction by Karen E Fields, New York: The Free Press, 1995. PP.34 - 35.
6Victor Turner. The Ritual Process : Structure and Anti - Structure [ M]. Chicago University Press, 1966.
7John Blacking. Problems in the Documentation and Analysis of Ritual . from Studies of Taoist Rituals and Music of Today , edited by Pen - Yeh Tsao and Daniel P. L. Law, Hong Kong : The Society for Ethnomusicological Research in Hong Kong , 1989 , P. 11.
