摘要
基于2014-2015年华北农田定位试验,设CK(单施氮磷钾肥)、C1(生物炭4.5t?hm^(-2)?a^(-1)+氮磷钾肥)、C2(生物炭9.0t?hm^(-2)?a^(-1)+氮磷钾肥)和SR(秸秆还田+氮磷钾肥)4个处理,对施用生物炭和秸秆还田对表层土壤矿质氮(NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N)含量以及土壤p H值的影响进行研究。结果表明,不同处理土壤矿质氮的动态变化趋势基本一致,施用生物炭和秸秆还田均可显著提高土壤NO_3^--N含量(P<0.05),但对土壤NH_4^+-N含量影响不大。与秸秆还田相比,高量施用生物炭有利于增加土壤NO_3^--N含量。各处理土壤中矿质氮主要以NO_3^--N为主,NH_4^+-N含量均保持在一个较低水平。将冬小麦整个生育期内各处理土壤NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N含量与夏玉米的相比,前者显著高于后者。在整个冬小麦-玉米轮作周期内,高量施用生物炭显著提高了土壤p H值,且各处理土壤NO_3^--N与土壤p H值呈显著负相关(P<0.05),土壤NH_4^+-N含量与土壤p H值相关性不显著;而各处理土壤NO_3^--N、NH_4^+-N含量与土壤含水量均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。可见,添加生物炭对减少氮素的转化和流失具有较大潜力。
Based on the location experiment, which consisted of four treatments（CK, C1, C2, SR） with three replications： CK（single NPK fertilizer）, C1（biochar 4.5t·ha^（-1）·y-1＋NPK fertilizer） and C2（biochar 9.0t·ha^（-1）·y-1 ＋ NPK fertilizer） and SR（straw return ＋ NPK fertilizer）. The effects of biochar and straw return on mineral nitrogen（N） and p H of the surface soil in farmland of the North China Plain in 2014 and 2015 were studied. Results showed that the dynamic trend of soil mineral N content（NO_3^--N, NH_4~＋-N） were similar. Application of biochar and straw return significantly increased soil NO_3^--N（P0.05）. However, there were no significant effects on soil NH_4~＋-N. Compared with SR treatment, C2 treatment was more helpful to increase soil NO_3^--N. The mineral N in the soil was dominated by NO_3^--N, and NH_4~＋-N was kept at a low level. The contents of soil mineral N in the whole growth period of winter wheat was higher than in that of summer maize. Biochar significantly increased soil p H（P0.05）, and soil NO_3^--N was negatively correlated with soil p H（P0.05）, and soil NH_4~＋-N was not correlated with soil p H. But soil NO_3^--N and NH_4~＋-N were positively correlated with soil moisture content in each treatment（P0.05）. In short, adding biochar had greater potential in slowing N transformation, reducing N mobility and so on. The results can be used a scientific reference on improving soil quality and reducing soil N loss in farmland.
出处
《中国农业气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期131-142,共12页
Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31300375)
中央公益型科研院所基本科研业务费专项(BSRF201505)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07203-007)
关键词
生物炭
秸秆还田
矿化
硝化
pH
Biochar
Straw return
Mineralization
Nitrification
pH
