摘要
以南水北调中线工程重要水源地商洛市为研究对象,采用生态系统服务和交易的综合评估模型(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs,In VEST)中的土壤保持模块(Sediment Retention Model),从水文角度对商洛市的地块截留、土壤侵蚀与土壤保持进行生态系统功能定量评估和空间异质性分析,进一步探讨该区在水库清淤和保证水质两种情境下的土壤保持效益与空间特征。结果表明:(1)商洛市潜在与实际土壤侵蚀量分别为1.21×109 t、3.4×107 t。该区整体处于轻度侵蚀与中度侵蚀级别,无极强度侵蚀。(2)全区输出的产沙总量为1.61×106 t,土壤保持总量为1.17×109 t,其中泥沙持留量为2.9×107 t。旬河、金钱河与乾佑河泥沙持留能力强。(3)In VEST模型评估排除死库容后在减轻泥沙淤积和保证水质治理花费两种情境下,土壤保持总价值分别为205.5亿元和616.3亿元。单位面积土壤保持价值量分别为313.6元hm^(-2) a^(-1)和824.1元hm^(-2) a^(-1)。
Soil conservation is an important service function of an ecosystem. Therefore,the study on soil erosion and mass and value of soil conservation of a valley may provide some essential bases for soil-water conservation,regulation of land use patterns,eco-compensation and reservoir management in the areas of the Project of Water Diversion from South to North. For that end,Shangluo,a major water source region of the project,was cited for quantitative evaluation and spatial heterogeneity analysis of the ecological service functions of land retension,soil erosion and soil conservation therein from the angle of hydrology,using the sediment retension sub-model of the In VEST（Integrated Valuation and Trade offs of Ecosystem Services）model to ensure accuracies of in-situ acquisition,verification,colliberation and input of parameters,and for further exploration of benefits and spatial characteristics of the soil-water conservation pracices of ensuring water quality and desiting in the region,in expectation of providing some theoretical basis and reference to decision-makers.. Results show that（1）the total potential and actual soil erosion rate of Shangluo City was 1.21×10^9 t and 3.4×10^7 t,respectively,implying that the region,on the whole,was rated＂slight＂and ＂moderate＂in soil erosion and had no sign of severe erosion,and the five watersheds（Luo River,Dan River,Jinqian River,Qianyou River and Xun River）in the region were all in the categories of slight and moderate erosion;（2）The total sediment output from the region was 1.61×10^6 t,whereas the total soil retention rate of the region was approximately 1.17×10^9 t,of which 2.9×10^7 t was of sediment,and among the five watersheds,Xun River,Jinqian River and Qianyou River were very high in sediment retention capacity;（3）the total ecological service value of the soil conservation in the region reached 205.5 million yuan and 616.3 million yuan in terms of reduction of sediment accumulation and insurance of water quality and was averaged to be 313.6 yuan hm^-2 a^-1and 824.1 yuan hm^-2 a^-1,excluding the consideration of dead reservoirs;and（4）to prevent and control soil erosion,priorities should be given to optimization of land use,improvement of regional ecological benefit,development of forestry and amelioration of the soil and build-up of soil and water conservation capacity,which should start from small watersheds,with special attention to soil-water management of forest-grass interlaced areas,terrace fields on slopes and ridge-furrow tillage and construction projects.
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期800-807,共8页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
环保部重点项目(STSN-05-26)
西北大学研究生自主创新项目(YZZ14009)
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201304309)资助~~
