摘要
针对重金属污染与人体健康之间的关系,利用原子吸收光谱法测定西安市各功能区主要街道的灰尘中Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd和Zn的含量,并依据美国环保局(US EPA)人体暴露风险评估方法对街道灰尘重金属进行健康风险评估,结果表明,西安市街道灰尘重金属含量总体水平略高,均超过西安市土壤背景值;周内和周末西安市街道灰尘中重金属含量不同,周内重金属含量排序为:商业区>重工业区>旅游区>文教区>轻工业区;周末重金属含量排序为:重工业区>旅游区>商业区>文教区>轻工业区.暴露及风险评估结果表明:手-口途径是人体摄入重金属最主要的途径,其次为皮肤和呼吸途径;重金属对于人体的非致癌风险表现为:Pb>Cu>Zn,均小于风险阈值1,不会对人体造成健康危害,且儿童的非致癌风险大于成人;重金属Cd和Cr尚未形成致癌风险.
Street dust in main streets of Xi′an was collected for identifying the relationship be‐tween human health and heavy metal pollution .Pb ,Cu ,Cr ,Cd and Zn in the dust samples were investigated by atomic absorption spectrometry .Health risk assessment of heavy metals in the street dust was carried out using the US EPA health risk assessment model .The results show that the level of heavy metals is higher compared with the background values in Xi′an soil .In the weekdays ,the range of heavy metal contents is as follows ：commercial area＆gt; heavy indus‐trial area＆gt; tourist area＆gt; cultural and eductional area＆gt; light industrial area ;at the weekends ：heavy industry area＆gt; tourist area＆gt; commercial area＆gt; cultural and educational area＆gt; light in‐dustry area .The health risk assessment results show that the hand‐mouth way is the major one for human to take in heavy metals ,followed by pathways of skin and respiration .The range of non‐cancer hazard risks is Pb＆gt;Cu＆gt;Zn ,all less than risk threshold 1 and will not cause health hazards .Also ,the non‐cancer hazard risks of children are higher than those of adults .Cr and Cd do not form carcinogenic risk for people living in Xi′an .
出处
《西安工程大学学报》
CAS
2016年第2期188-193,共6页
Journal of Xi’an Polytechnic University
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41273140)
关键词
重金属
健康风险评估
土壤背景值
风险阈值
heavy metals
health risk evaluation
soil background values
risk threshold
