摘要
鉴于生物群体在空间中展现出的大规模集群运动已经成为集群行为研究的一大热点,从集群运动的唯像描述到动力学机制的逻辑线索展开综述。唯像描述部分中主要介绍"一致性序参量"、"集群对称破缺"、"集群规模分布"和"空间关联"等集群运动的唯像特征。它们大都具有定量的实证基础,有些还体现出一定的定量普适性(适用于多物种)。在动力学机制部分分别介绍"吸引与排斥"、"对齐规则"、"相互作用范围"、"个体异质性"和"相互作用的线性叠加"等微观规则,重点总结了基于轨迹追踪的机制推断成果。还特别着重区分实证与假设。通过这样的逻辑梳理,既描绘出"集群运动"这一新兴领域在不长的时间里积累的丰硕成果,又清晰地系统展现出我们在追求集群运动普适律的道路上已经走了多远,以及摆在面前的重要问题。
From bacteria to vertebrate, collective motion in living groups in space has gradually become a research hot point. This paper reviews recent studies on collective motion according to the logic from phenomenology to dynamic mechanics. For the phenomenology study, we focus on ＂order parameter＂, ＂collective symmetry breaking＂, ＂group size distribution＂ and ＂spatial corre- lation＂ most of which are based on quantitative observations and experiments. Some of these rules are universal in the sense that they can be observed in various species. The ＂attraction and repulsion＂, ＂alignment rule＂, ＂interaction range＂, ＂heterogeneity＂ and ＂linear superposition of interactions＂, especially the inferred rules based on the traced tracks of various individual move- ments, are closely investigated in dynamics part of this paper. This review pays much attention to distinguishing observations and the experiment results from assumptions. Under this logic frame, not only the plentiful and substantial results in collective motion are reviewed, but also an explicit and clear picture is depicted on how many miles we have covered on pursuing the universal laws in collective motion and on what the most important problems are ahead of us.
出处
《复杂系统与复杂性科学》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期1-13,共13页
Complex Systems and Complexity Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(61074116
61374165)
