摘要
目的探讨新毕业护士进入三甲中医院过渡阶段心理资本、工作压力的现状及其影响因素。方法采用结合了定性和定量途径的横断面研究对173名新护士进行当面调查并完成数据,量表使用自我设计的一般情况调查表、护士心理资本问卷和工作压力源量表。利用SPSS统计软件进行心理资本相关因素的方差分析,心理资本和工作压力源各纬度得分的描述性统计,以及二者的相关性分析。结果新护士心理资本得分较高(平均87.73分),纬度得分依次是乐观(76.22%)、希望(72.64%)、效能(72.56%)和抗挫折(71.87%)。工作压力平均得分为63.64分,以时间分配及工作量最常见,为(1.99±0.46)分,其他纬度依次是护理专业及工作(1.98±0.44)分、病人护理(1.97±0.25)分、工作环境及仪器设备(1.66±0.50)分,管理及人际关系得分最低,为(1.44±0.35)分。体育锻炼、身体状况和家庭条件对心理资本差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),条件、状况良好者和经常锻炼者得分较高;性别、科室、聘用、籍贯因素差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。工作压力源与心理资本各纬度之间及整体上均显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论新护士应培养良好的生活方式和保持身心健康,通过有效策略提供支持以提高心理资本、减轻工作压力和离职意愿,以系统化处理方法公正合理地管理新护士进入职业生涯。
Objective To explore the current situation of new graduates’ experiences when entering the nursing workforce within tertiary referral hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and to identify factors that impact on psychological capital and job stressors. Methods A total of 173 new graduate nurses were directed to retrieve and complete the following data by on-the-spot investigation with a cross sectional surveydesigned by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches.Rating scale was used with Nurses’ Psychological Capital Questionnaire,Nurse Job Stressors Questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire about demographic information. Data were calculated by SPSS software with analysis of variance on correlation factor of psychological capital,descriptive statistics on latitudinal score of psychological capital and job stressors,and correlation analysis of them. Results Overall respondents showed high psychological capital scores（ mean87. 73）,the dimension scores rated in sequence were optimism（ 76. 22%）,hope（ 72. 64%）,self-efficacy（ 72. 56%） andresilience（ 71. 87%）. Whilst job stressors cannot be neglected with its mean score reaches 63. 64,within which time assignment and workload were the most frequently encountered pressure（ 1. 99 ± 0. 46）,other dimensions in descending order were professional and career issue（ 1. 98 ± 0. 44）,patient care and interaction（ 1. 97 ± 0. 25）,resources and environmental problems（ 1. 66 ± 0. 50）,management and interpersonal relationships（ 1. 44 ± 0. 35） to a least degree. Several key factors impacting on psychological capital arephysical exercise,health status,and family situation（ P 〈 0. 05）. Good status,fine condition,and regularly exercise scored high. Whereas gender,section,employment,and native place showed no significant influence（ P 〉 0. 05）. Significant negative correlation existed between psychological capital and job stressors in terms of latitude or overall aspects（ P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion New nurses should cultivate superior lifestyle and improve mental-health status. Together with effective strategies implemented to elevate psychological capital,prevent burnout and alleviate turnover intention,by which will enable equitable and contextually relevant stewardship of them into the future.
出处
《中华全科医学》
2016年第6期1010-1012,共3页
Chinese Journal of General Practice
基金
浙江省卫生厅科研立项课题(2015KYB271)
浙江省中医药科研基金项目(2015ZB058)
关键词
新护士
心理资本
工作压力
New graduate nurse
Psychological capital
Job stressors
