摘要
本研究通过分析中国儿童韦氏智力测验的数据,考察了中国儿童智力测验的弗林效应是否存在及其影响因素。研究1通过比较两个不同年代的中国韦氏儿童智力测验(WISC),考察了中国不同地区儿童智力水平在两个不同时期之间是否存在差异。研究表明,在中国韦氏儿童智力测验中,弗林效应的确存在,但不同地区儿童智商的增益量大小不等,中国大陆和中国香港儿童的智商增益量比中国台湾地区更大。研究2采用中国大陆四大地区修订WISC-Ⅳ中文版的数据,探查了不同地区间儿童智力发展的差异及影响因素。研究表明,不同地区儿童的智力发展水平不一致,北部和东部地区儿童的总智商分显著高于西部和中南部地区,究其原因,社会经济发展的不平衡性和家庭教育环境对于儿童智力发展有重要影响。研究结论是:在智力测验中确实存在弗林效应,社会经济和教育发展水平在儿童智力发展中起重要作用。
With the aim of exploring the existence of Flynn effect and its impacting factors, the present research analyzed the data of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children in China. In study 1, the same IQ test, WISC-IV （2006） and WISC-II （1982）, was used to measure the sample： China's Mainland and Hong Kong; WISC-Ⅳ （2003） and WISC-III（1991 ） was used to measure the sample from Taiwan. All of 170 children comprise 87 boys and 83 girls, whose ages mean is 10.72 year old, and 55 children are from China's Mainland, 55 children from Hong Kong and 60 children from Taiwan among them. The result showed that the Flynn effect was clearly found in China's Mainland and Hong Kong, by comparing the difference between the scores of revised WISC-IV and WISC-II between children in China's Mainland and Hong Kong, and the children＇ s IQs in China's Mainland and Hong Kong have much larger gains than the ones in Taiwan. In study 2, the sample was obtained from four regions of China's Mainland, Northern, Eastern, West and Mid- southern regions. Northern region comprises eight provinces and cities located in Northern and Northeastern China; Eastern region comprises seven provinces and cities located in Eastern China; West region comprises ten provinces and cities located in Southwest and Northwest China; Mid-southern region comprises six provinces in the Central and Southern China. Of total 1 338 children, 51.20% were of boys, 48.80% were of girls. Their age mean was 11.09 years. By comparison of the data collected from four different domestic regions of China during the revision of WISC-IV in 2006, differences in the development of their children＇ s intelligence were obviously found. The scores of children in Northern and Eastern regions were significantly higher than those from the West and Mid-Southern regions. The results of regression analysis showed that IQ scores of the children were significantly influenced by the different region factors and the educational levels of their parents. After the investigation of their social-economic conditions in greater detail, we found the imbalance of social economic conditions and different levels of educational environment both in school.
出处
《中国考试》
2016年第5期3-11,共9页
journal of China Examinations
