摘要
为了确定黄土高原旱作区不同树势幼龄‘富士’树的适宜修剪方法,以2年生‘长富2号’苹果为试材,进行每15 cm留1个侧枝（轻剪）、疏除全部侧枝（重剪）2种修剪量,配合中央领导干延长头中短截（剪去1/2）、轻短截（剪去1/4~1/3）、不短截3种修剪方法,测定修剪后1年的主干、延长头、发侧枝数等修剪反应指标。结果表明：修剪量、延长头修剪方法对不同树势幼树的主干增长量、延长头生长量、发枝量、长势均有显著影响。弱树采用重修剪中短截方式修剪主干增粗、发枝数、延长头生长量显著优于其他修剪处理。中庸树采用轻修剪轻短截主干增粗及延长头生长量显著优于其他处理。旺树采用重剪配合延长头轻短截或轻剪配合延长头不短截显著增粗主干、中心干延长头生长及均衡发枝。在旱作区,幼龄红富士弱树适宜采用重剪、延长头中短截,旺树、中庸树适宜采用重修剪不短截延长头来培养纺锤形树形。
In order to select suitable pruning methods for juvenile apple tree with different vigor in dry farming land area, 2-year-old‘Red Fuji＇apple trees were took as materials, 2 kinds of pruning methods, which were reserving one lateral branch for every 15 cm（light pruning） and thinning all the lateral branches（heavypruning）, combining with 3 kinds of extension headers pruning techniques including short cut（cut off 1/2 of theextension headers shoot）, light short cut（cut off 1/4- 1/3 of the extension headers shoot） and no- cut, werecarried out on apple trees with different vigor. Then the trunk diameter increase, extension of head growth, thenumber of branches, branching length, thickness and other indicators which were related with pruning weremeasured. The result showed that the thinning quantity and extension headers pruning model had significanteffect on trunk diameter increase, extension of head growth, the number of branches, branch length and thickness. Heavy pruning with short cut was significantly better than other pruning ways on weak tree for trunkenlargement, increase of lateral branch number and extension of head growth. Light pruning with light short cutwas significantly better than other treatments on intermediate tree for trunk enlargement and extension of headgrowth. Heavy pruning with light short cut or light pruning with no-cut had significant effect on vigorous treefor trunk enlargement, extension growth of the center stem and balanced lateral branches. In dry area, theheavy pruning with short cut was suitable for weak tree of juvenile‘Red Fuji＇, and the heavy pruning with no-cut of extension head shoot to cultivate spindle tree form was suitable for vigorous tree and intermediate tree of juvenile‘Red Fuji＇.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2016年第13期79-84,共6页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
甘肃省科技攻关项目"黄土高原雨养农业区苹果最佳建园模式研究"(039-034049)
甘肃省教育厅基本科研业务项目"苹果高效授粉树引种与生态适应性研究"(035-041032)
甘肃省农业生物技术项目"无病毒苹果矮化中间砧苗木繁育体系的建立"(035-034070)
关键词
旱塬区
幼龄'红富士’
树势
修剪
树体生长
dry farming land area
juvenile‘Red Fuji＇tree
growth vigor
pruning
growth of apple tree
