摘要
面孔宽长比(f WHR)是指面孔宽度与长度(或高度)之间的比值。它是一种反映男性青春期睾酮分泌水平高低的面部结构,并被视为男性气质的评价指标。多项研究表明,f WHR与攻击、支配、冒险、欺骗、追求个体成就等男性气质行为相关。本文对该领域研究成果进行了详细述评,并指出未来研究可在性别差异、影响机制、跨文化研究等方面加以探讨。
The facial width-to-height ratio（f WHR）is measured as the distance between the left and right zygion（bizygomatic width） relative to the distance between the upper lip and the highest point of the eyelids（upper facial height）. Recent research has demonstrated that individuals with higher f WHR are associated with socially undesirable behaviors, including more aggression, less trustworthy, less cooperative in the context of intra-group competition, and more prejudiced, particularly in men. Research has also identified positive correlates of f WHR： men with greater f WHR are more cooperative in the context of inter-group competition, are better negotiators in competitive bargaining, and are better performance in athletes; and firms whose male CEOS have wider face achieve superior financial performance, etc.The initial seminal study postulating that higher f WHR was linked to aggression in men was done by Carré and Mc Cormick（2008）. Similarly, f WHR has been found to be related not only to male dominance, cheating, deception, etc. but also to more positive behaviors or qualities such as achievement striving, being less likely to die from contact with violence, and self-sacrifice towards the in-group. Researchers have generally pointed to the evolutionary selection pressures as the underlying mechanisms explaining these relationships. Early works, such as Weston, Friday, and Lio（2007）, described the f WHR, a sexual dimorphism in the structure of the face that was independent of body size, in terms of a morphometric analysis of an ontogenetic series of skulls. They pointed that the intersexual selection mechanisms may have formed the links between f WHR and behaviors. Recently more research has supported an intrasexual selection persective, with growing evidence suggesting that men’s facial structure is an important cue to their ability to obtain resources from others. One perspective is that men’s f WHR serves as proxies for other psychological or biological characteristics that lead men with various facial structures to act differently. For instance, researchers have theorized that the testosterone exposure at puberty may underlie intra-sex differences in f WHR. A second perspective on the relationship between f WHR and behavior is that men are treated differently by others as a result of their facial characteristics. According to this view, men’s facial structure may not have an inherent relationship to their aggressive behavior, but rather serves as a social cue that shapes their interactions with others over time. Despite numerous researchers have explicitly built directly on this previous work, several articles have failed to find a statistically significant relationship between f WHR and behavior or sexual dimorphism. Future research should examine the f WHR and behavior’s link by employing multi-methods, various samples and the mediating or moderating factors, such as cultural differences.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期707-713,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
国家社科基金重大项目子课题(14ZDB159)
广东省教育厅"十二五"规划课题(2013JK187)的资助
关键词
面孔宽长比
睾酮
性别二态
男性气质行为
facial width-to-height ratio
testosterone
sexual dimorphism
masculine behavior
