摘要
依据武汉大学中国科学评价研究中心2015年最新发布的《世界一流大学及学科竞争力评价报告(2015-2016)》,从定量角度对中国学科发展的质量进行分析和研究。通过对中国学科竞争力的分析发现,中国学科的发展已很全面,22个学科均有中国科研机构的学科进入ESI排行;已有一些中国科研机构的部分学科进入世界一流行列甚至前列。中国科学院就有14个学科进入世界一流学科行列,其中10个学科位列学科排名前1%,被评为世界顶尖学科。但多数学科的发展在世界上还较为落后,经济学与商学、免疫学、综合交叉学科、神经科学与行为科学、精神病学与心理学以及空间科学6个学科领域,在本次评价时间段内还未有中国科研机构进入世界一流行列。通过与美国科研机构的学科发展质量相比发现,中国进入ESI排行的科研机构数与学科数不仅在量上与美国有一定差距,在学科发展的质上,也明显弱于美国科研机构。中国科学院有21个学科进入ESI排行,是进入ESI排行学科数最多的中国科研机构。除中国科学院外,进入ESI排行的学科数在10个以上的科研机构均为高校,可见高校是中国推进世界一流学科发展的主要力量。虽然22个学科均有中国科研机构进入ESI排行,但是中国科研机构在22个学科的排名分布情况存在较大差异,仅化学、工程学和材料科学3个学科的排名整体比较靠前,中国科研机构的一流学科建设仍任重道远。
According to the ' Overall Plan to Promote the Development of World-class Universities and First-class Disciplines(2015-2016)',which was issued by the State Council,there will be a number of Chinese universities and disciplines entering the ranks of world-class by 2020.The discipline is the foundation of the University.To build a world-class university should first build a world first-class discipline.In order to understand the development situation of Chinese discipline and its location in the world ranking,this paper studies the quality of the Chinese discipline from a quantitative point of view,according to the ' World-class Universities and Discipline Competitiveness Evaluation Report(2015-2016)' released by Research Center for Chinese Science Evaluation of Wuhan University in 2015.It is hoped that results of this study can provide reference and decisionmaking basis for promoting the construction of world-class disciplines.First of all,the paper summarizes the research status of the world-class disciplines and the purpose and application value.Secondly,the specific practices of discipline competitiveness evaluation and defining method of worldclass disciplines are explained.Through the detailed analysis of the disciplines and the Chinese scientific research institutions,which have entered into the ranks of world-class,the competitiveness of the Chinese disciplines is fully understood.Through the analysis of the competitiveness of Chinese disciplines,it is found out that the development of Chinese disciplines is very comprehensive,and there are 22 disciplines of Chinese scientific research institutions entering the ESI ranking.Some of the disciplines of some scientific research institutions in China have entered the ranks of world-class and even the forefront.Taking Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example,14 disciplines have entered the ranks of world-class discipline,of which 10 disciplines rank the top 1%,and are named the world's top discipline.However,the development of most of the disciplines in the world is relatively backward,such as Economics & Business,Immunology,Multidisciplinary,Neuroscience & Behavioral,Psychiatry/Psychology and Space Science.In these 6disciplines,no Chinese research institutions enter the ranks of world-class in the time period of this evaluation.Again,the paper analyzes the number of disciplines and ranking information of Chinese scientific research institutions which have entered the ESI ranking,and comprehensively explores the quality of Chinese disciplines.Compared with the quality of the discipline development of scientific research institutions in the United States,it is found out that there is a certain gap between China and the United States in the number of disciplines entering the ESI ranking,and the quality of Chinese disciplines is obviously weaker than that of the United States.Through the analysis of Chinese scientific research institutions which have more than 10 disciplines into the ESI ranking,it is found out that Chinese Academy of Sciences has 21 disciplines which are included in the ESI ranking,and rank first in China.In addition to the Chinese Academy of Sciences,other research institutions are universities.Colleges and universities can be seen as the main force in China to promote the development of the world-class disciplines.Through the analysis of the discipline ranking,22 disciplines in the rankings all belong to the Chinese research institutions.However,there is a big difference in the distribution of rankings.Only the integral rank circumstance of Chemistry,Engineering and Materials Science is relatively good.Overall,the construction of world-class disciplines in China still has a long way to go.
出处
《高教发展与评估》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期1-10,98-99,共10页
Higher Education Development and Evaluation
关键词
学科评价
学科建设
科研机构
科研质量
ESI排名
discipline evaluation
discipline construction
research institutions
scientific research quality
ESI Ranking
