摘要
根据2013年7月至2014年1月和2014年3月至9月我国金枪鱼科学观察员在南太平洋采集的延绳钓钩位深度数据和长鳍金枪鱼钓获钩位数据,分析了延绳钓各钩位的上浮率,估算了热带和温带海域长鳍金枪鱼钓获深度范围、最适栖息水层,比较了两个海域长鳍金枪鱼最适栖息深度的空间分布特征和时间变化规律。结果表明：调查海域的长鳍金枪鱼CPUE较高;热带海域钓钩上浮率为14.39%,温带海域为13.60%;热带海域长鳍金枪鱼最适栖息深度范围为190～220 m,温带海域较热带海域浅,为160～190 m;长鳍金枪鱼栖息深度均值在不同季节差异极显著（P〈0.01）,第2季度平均钓获深度最大,为218.0 m,第1季度最浅,为197.0 m（95%的置信区间）。在实际作业时,应充分考虑垂直栖息深度的变化,合理配置延绳钓钓具,减少兼捕率和误捕率,维护生态系统平衡。
This study focuses on analyzing the spatial-temporal variation of habitat depths of albacore tuna based on the data collected by the scientific observers on the Chinese tuna longline longliners in South Pacific Ocean. And the survey was implemented from July, 2013 to January, 2014 and from March to September, 2014. Firstly, the hook shoaling was calculated according to the longline-hook actual depth and captured hook position measured by the scientific observers using catenary curve method and longline shoaling rate method. Then the inhabitable depths of albacore tuna in temperate and tropical waters were estimated according to the hook shoaling, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal habitat depths for albacore tuna in the two waters were determined based on the analysis of the relationship between CPUE and the hook depth. And the spatio-temporal variation of the optimal habitat depths was compared by statistical test. The result showed that it appeared that high CPUE of albacore tuna occurred in the survey area. The hook shoaling rates were 14.39 % and 13.60 % in the tropical waters and the temperate waters, respectively. The optimal habitat depth range of albacore tuna was 160～190 m in the tropical waters, and it was shallower in temperate waters with the optimal habitat depth range of 190～220 m. The mean habitat depths of albacore tuna were significantly different（ P〈0.01） in different seasons, as the maximum and minimum depths appeared in the second quarter of the year with 218.0 m and 197.0m by 95 % confidence interval, respectively. So we should take full account of the vertical behavior of albacore tuna in the actual operation, then it will improve the catch rate of the target species and reduce the bycatch rate so that the ecosystem could be protected.
出处
《海洋通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第2期216-224,共9页
Marine Science Bulletin
基金
农业部远洋金枪鱼科学观察员项目(2013)
农业部太平洋远洋渔业资源探捕项目(2013)
关键词
长鳍金枪鱼
南太平洋
最适栖息深度
上浮率
空间分布
季节差异
Thunnus alalunga
South Pacific Ocean
optimal habitat depth
shoaling rate
spatial distribution
seasonal variation
