摘要
为探究施氮和灌水对河西灌区制种玉米种子产量以及生产过程中水氮利用的影响,以郑单958(ZD958),先玉335(XY335)为研究对象,设置充分灌水(6 000 m^3·hm^(-2),W_(6000))、中度胁迫(4 500m^3·hm^(-2),W_(4500))、重度胁迫(3 000 m^3·hm^(-2),W_(3000))3个灌水梯度,不施氮(0 kg·hm^(-2),N_0)、中量施氮(225 kg·hm^(-2),N_(225))、过量施氮(450 kg·hm^(-2),N_(450))3个施氮水平,测定收获期种子产量及产量构成,以及播前收后1m深土壤含水量及土壤硝态氮含量。结果表明,灌溉量对种子产量无显著影响,同一灌水条件下施氮处理产量显著高于不施氮,先玉335组合产量较郑单958组合高,最高产量出现在中度胁迫灌水条件下的过量施氮处理(W_(4500)N_(450)),达11 147 kg·hm^(-2);先玉335组合的种子百粒重显著高于郑单958组合,郑单958组合种子各产量构成均表现为施氮处理高于不施氮。在中度胁迫灌水条件下,0~100cm土壤硝态氮的累积量显著高于重度胁迫和充分灌水;水分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率均以中度胁迫灌水条件下中量施氮处理占优。综合考虑产量及水氮利用效率,在本试验条件下,适合河西灌区郑单958制种组合和先玉335制种组合的水氮最佳组合为灌水量4 500 m^3·hm^(-2),施氮量225 kg·hm^(-2)。本研究为河西制种玉米种植中水氮合理利用提供了理论借鉴。
A field experiment was conducted with tow genotypes（ ZD958 and XY335） as test material to investigate the effect of nitrogen and irrigation on the seed yield and use efficiency of irrigation and nitrogen,including copious irrigation（ 6 000 m-3·hm-（-2）,W_（6000））,moderate stress irrigation（ 4 500 m-3·hm-（-2）,W_（4500）） and severe stress irrigation（ 3 000 m-3·hm-（-2）,W_（3000））,and three nitrogen levels,no nitrogen application（ 0 kg·hm-（-2）,N_0）,moderate nitrogen application（ 225kg·hm-（-2）,N_（225）） and relative to high nitrogen application（ 450 kg·hm-（-2）,N_（450））,the yield and yield component factor of seed,soil moisture content and soil NO--_3- N in 0- 100 cm soil layer depth was investigated. The result showed that no significant difference between irrigation rates. The yields of treatments under nitrogen applied were significantly greater than that of no nitrogen applied,the seed yield of XY335 was better than that of ZD958,and the yield of treatment W_（4500）N_（450） is highest for 11 147 kg·hm-（-2）,while 100- grain weight of XY335 seed was significantly greater than that of ZD958. The yield component factors of ZD958 seed in nitrogen applied was greater than those of no nitrogen applied.Soil NO--_3- N accumulation in 0- 100 cm soil layer depth under moderate stress irrigation was significant higher than other two irrigation levels. The water use efficiency,partial productivity of nitrogen,agronomic efficiency under moderate stress irrigation and moderate nitrogen application was better than other treatments. Therefore,in the present experiment,the optimal combination of irrigation and nitrogen rate is W_（4500）N_（225） for seed production corn in Hexi,which has higher grain yield and use efficiency of water and nitrogen.
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期997-1004,共8页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
农业部公益类行业(农业)科研专项(201303002)
国家玉米产业技术体系兰州综合试验站(CARS-02-60)
关键词
河西
氮
灌水
制种玉米
产量
水氮利用
Hexi corridor
nitrogen
irrigation
seed production corn
yield
water and nitrogen use efficiency
