摘要
【目的】对青檀绵叶蚜的有效积温、温度对体型大小的影响、种群动态和趋性等生态学特性进行研究,为该害虫的综合防治奠定基础。【方法】有效积温:设置5个处理温度,将若干头无翅孤雌成蚜放入置好青檀叶的培养皿内,采用改进的树叶圆片法饲养,观察并记录不同温度处理下的发育历期,通过回归直线法计算出发育起点温度和有效积温;温度对体型大小的影响:设置不同的温度梯度,将若干头无翅孤雌成蚜放入置好青檀叶的培养皿内,采用改进的树叶圆片法饲养,观察、测量并记录每头成蚜的体长和体宽,所得数据用SPSS软件分析不同温度间蚜虫体型是否有显著性差异;种群动态:定期观察青檀绵叶蚜从越冬卵的孵化至叶片完全脱落的种群动态,然后绘制青檀绵叶蚜种群动态图表以及有翅蚜与无翅蚜数量及动态图表;趋性:根据蚜虫趋黄的特性,用黄色诱虫板在林间进行诱捕,在试验地树冠的不同高度悬挂黄板,每天定时统计蚜虫数量,最后进行数据汇总和处理。【结果】青檀绵叶蚜的发育起点温度(C)和有效积温(K)分别为(6.40±1.01)℃和(223.11±13.12)日度,计算得出K'/K=15.89,预测青檀绵叶蚜在山东枣庄地区1年可发生15～16代;在一定温度范围内,温度越高发育历期越短,相同龄期体型越小;在山东枣庄该虫有3个高峰期,分别是6月上旬(10日左右)、7月下旬(30日左右)和9月中旬(20日左右),种群动态受风雨等环境因素影响较大;在树冠中下层设置黄板对该虫的诱杀效果较好。【结论】在17～29℃温度范围内,青檀绵叶蚜的发育速率随温度升高而加快,发育历期随温度升高而缩短;对该虫在林间的发生规律及消长趋势进行总结,可为预测预报及综合防治提供理论依据;在实际生产推广黄板诱杀应用中,黄板应悬挂于树冠的中下层,诱捕时间应避开天敌瓢虫的高发期。
【Objective】Shivaphis pteroceltis is a new pest on Pteroceltis tatarinowii,a member of the national grade Ⅲ rare and endangered tree species. The pests had the characteristics of rapid propagating,large quantity,strong outbreak,and long time damage,and cause serious damage to leaves,fruits and young branches of P. tatarinowii. Based on the study of the biological characteristics of S. pteroceltis,the ecological characteristics,such as the effective accumulated temperature,the influence of temperature on the size,population dynamics,and the phototaxis,were further studied in this paper,to lay a foundation for integrated control the pest. 【Method】Five treatment temperatures were set to calculatethe development threshold temperatures and effective accumulated temperatures by the linear regression method.Developmental duration of the insect under different temperatures was observed and recorded by rearing some wingless parthenogenetic aphids in culture dish in which the leaves of P. tatarinowii were placed,and the improved method of leaf discs was used to rear the aphids. The body length and body width of each aphid were observed,measured and recorded in different temperature gradients. SPSS was used to analyze the data of body length and body width to investigate whether there was a significant difference on aphid size between different temperature treatments. Population dynamics from the hatch of the winter egg of S. pteroceltis to the leaf blade was regularly observed,and then the population dynamics figure of S. pteroceltis and winged and wingless aphids quantity dynamic figure were drawn. According to the characteristics of aphid yellow taxis,the yellow boards were hanged at different heights in P. tatarinowii forest in study sites. The number of aphids was daily counted,and at last the data was collected and processed. 【Result 】 The results showed： the developmental threshold temperature was（ 6. 40 ± 1. 01） ℃ and the effective cumulative temperature was 223. 11 day degree ± 13. 12 day degree,and the K＇ / K = 15. 89,indicating that there were 15- 16 generations every year in Zaozhuang area. Within a certain range,with the increase of temperature,the development duration was shorter,and the size was smaller in the same age. There were three peaks of the aphid outburst,June 10 th,July 30 th and September 20 th,in Zaozhuang City,Shandong Province. Population dynamics was sensitive to the environment factors such as wind and rain.The trapping effect of yellow sticky card was better in the lower canopy. 【Conclusion】In the temperature range of 17- 29℃,with the increasing of temperature,the developmental rate of aphid increased and the developmental duration decreased. The pest occurrence trend and the change law provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and comprehensive control. In order to reduce the manslaughter for natural enemy of the pests,such as ladybird,in actual production,the high-incidence season of the natural enemy should be avoided in trapping the pests.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期120-125,共6页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
山东省农业良种工程重点课题(2013LZA04001)
关键词
青檀
青檀绵叶蚜
新害虫
生态学特性
Pteroceltis tatarinowii
Shivaphis pteroceltis
new pest
ecological traits
