摘要
目的:分析我国优秀男子跳远运动员成绩与速度、距离、角度和角速度等运动学参数的相关性,探讨其动作运动学特点,为跳远科学训练提供生物力学依据。方法:德国SIMI—Motion9.01三维录像系统分析了第十二届全运会男子跳远决赛录像,比较了国内外优秀运动员运动学参数,将国内(n=7)跳远成绩与助跑、起跳阶段运动学参数进行Pearson相关分析。结果:(1)助跑阶段:国内组倒6米平均速度、倒2步速度、倒1步速度均值显著小于国外组(P<0.05)。倒3步步长、倒2步步长均值非常显著小于国外组(P<0.01)。倒11米-倒6米的平均速度、倒6米内平均速度与成绩呈中度显著正相关,倒1步速度、倒2步速度与成绩呈高度显著正相关;(2)起跳阶段:国内组着板角、起跳过程髋转动角、摆动腿平均角速度和腾起垂直速度均值显著小于国外组(P<0.05),而水平速度损失率显著大于国外组(P<0.05)。起跳过程髋转动角、摆动腿平均角速度、腾起速度与成绩呈中度显著正相关,而腾起水平速度、腾起垂直速度与成绩呈低度显著正相关,起跳时间与成绩呈高度显著负相关。结论:增加起跳前步长、步速、着板角,提高起跳过程摆动腿摆动角速度、腾起垂直速度,降低水平速度损失率是提高我国男子跳远运动员成绩的重要运动学因素。
Objective： To discuss the correlation of China＇s elite male long jumpers＇ scores with their kinematical parameters including speed,distance,angle and angular velocity. Methods： Used German SIMI-Motion 9. 01 to analyze the video of men＇s long jump final at the 12 th national games,compared Chinese excellent long jumpers＇ kinematical parameters with that of their foreign counterparts,and made a Pearson analysis on the correlation of Chinese long jumpers＇（ n = 7） scores with their kinematical parameters in the run-up and takeoff phases. Results：（ 1） In the run-up phase,the Chinese group＇s average speed respectively at the reversed 6meter point,the second last step and the last step is significantly lower than that of the foreign group（ P 0. 05）. The Chinese group＇s average step length at the third last step and the second last step is much less than that of the foreign group（ P 0. 01）. Jumpers＇ scores were in moderate significant positive correlation with their average speed in the distance from the reversed 11 meter point to the reversed 6 meter point. Likewise,their scores were in highly positive correlation with their average speed at the second last step and the last step.（ 2） In the takeoff phase,the Chinese group＇s board-stamping angle,hip rotation angle of take off,average angular velocity of swing leg and average vertical velocity of spring-up are much less than that of the foreign group（ P 0. 05）,while their loss rate of horizontal velocity is significantly higher than that of the foreign group（ P 0. 05）. Jumpers＇ scores were in moderate significant positive correlation with their hip rotation angle of takeoff,average angular velocity of swing leg,velocity of spring-up,in low significant positive correlation with their horizontal velocity and vertical velocity of spring-up,and in highly significant negative correlation with their takeoff time. Conclusion： Increasing the pre-takeoff step length,step speed and board-tramping angle,improving the angular velocity of swing leg and the vertical velocity of spring-up,and reducing the lose rate of horizontal velocity are important kinematical factors to the improvement of Chinese male long jumpers＇ scores.
出处
《成都体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期90-95,共6页
Journal of Chengdu Sport University
基金
四川省科技支撑计划项目"四川省优秀运动员科学训练负荷监控与伤病防控的应用研究"(2015SZ0055)
四川省科技支撑计划"高原-亚高原交替训练的实验研究-以甘孜州中长跑运动员为例"(2014SZ0158)
关键词
第十二届全运会
跳远
国际健将
运动学分析
相关性
The 12th National Games
Long Jump
International Elite Long Jumpers
Kinematical Analysis
Correlation
