摘要
酞酸酯（PAEs）又称邻苯二甲酸酯,是环境激素类有机化合物,作为增塑剂在塑料、树脂和橡胶制品中的添加量一般为20%~60%。土壤中PAEs的主要来源有农用化学品、污水灌溉和大气沉降。PAEs在土壤中有较强的富集作用,并能通过一系列的环境地球化学过程进入不同的环境介质,引起环境污染和人类健康风险。本文结合国内外土壤PAEs的相关研究成果,综述了我国土壤PAEs的污染现状,分析了PAEs在土壤-大气界面（挥发、沉降）、土壤-植物系统（植物吸收、植物修复）、土壤-水界面下的环境行为（吸附-解吸）及土壤PAEs污染的环境健康风险,并指出国内土壤PAEs研究中存在的不足。研究结果显示,我国土壤环境总体上已遭受不同程度的PAEs污染;同时,土壤PAEs通过不同界面之间的迁移转化过程,也面临较高的生态环境健康风险。提出今后土壤PAEs研究应以区域土壤污染与环境行为为重点,深入研究土壤PAEs的时空传输与演变规律、多介质迁移转化机制和风险削减与修复措施,为保障土壤生态环境与健康提供理论依据。
Phthalic acid esters（PAEs） are classified as environmental hormone organic compounds, commonly contained in plastic, resin and rubber, accounting for 20%-60%, as plasticizers with potentially hazardous impacts on the environment and human health. In soils, the main anthropogenic sources of PAEs are agricultural chemicals, sewage water irrigation and atmospheric precipitation. PAEs can abundantly accumulate in the soil and be transported to different environmental systems via a series of environmental, geochemical processes such as volatilization, leaching, adsorption, biodegradation, plant uptake and food chain. This article combined the results of domestic and international studies to summarize the state of soil PAEs pollution in China. Anthropogenic activities and land use changes were the main factors responsible for seasonal and spatial distributions of PAEs. The contents of PAEs in soils in most regions of China reached dozens milligram per kilogram, which obviously exceeded the standards for the US and the European countries. Di-n-butyl phthalate（Dn BP） and di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate（DEHP） were the dominant PAEs in soils, similar to those observed in other countries. Also the environmental be-havior of PAEs in soil-gas interface（volatilization and atmospheric precipitation）, soil-plant system（phytoremediation and plant uptake） and soil-water interface（sediment adsorption and desorption） were analyzed to determine the causes of soil PAEs transfer between air, water, sediments and plants. There were significant differences in the characteristics of PAEs absorption, accumulation, distribution and transformation among the different interfaces. Because of the widespread application of PAEs and its occurrence in most common daily chemicals, humans are exposed to PAEs through foods contaminated during crop growth in soil or during packaging. Humans are also at risk through exposure to air（for breathing or absorption by skin）, causing severely ecological and health risks in many regions of China. It was recommended that future soil PAEs research should focus on regional soil pollution and environmental behavior, PAEs transmission and evolution regularity in space and time, medium migration mechanisms, risk reduction and remediation measure research. There was need to use knowledge about the environmental fate and health risks of PAEs in soils to improve the regulation of organic pollution transformation in soils. This knowledge was also necessary for providing theoretical basis for the protection of ecological environments and soil health.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期695-703,共9页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
重庆市基础与前沿研究项目(cstc2015jcyj A20002)
国家自然科学基金项目(41501523)
中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室开放基金项目(SEPR2014-08)资助~~
关键词
酞酸酯
环境行为
健康风险
土壤环境
迁移转化
Phthalate acid ester
Environmental fate
Health risk
Soil environment
Migration and transformation
