摘要
采用大田试验,研究氮磷肥配施对旱地小麦生长、产量及水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。结果表明,各生育期0~100 cm土壤蓄水量均表现为低氮高于高氮,且N,P比为1∶1时差异显著。低氮可增加各生育期0~80 cm各土层根系总面积、总周长、总长及根系活力;可增加群体分蘖、生物量、穗数、产量及水分利用效率,且N,P比为1∶1时差异显著;可显著提高N,P比为1∶0.5,1∶1时花后5,20~35 d根系活力;可显著增加N,P比为1∶1时穗粒数和千粒质量。结果还表明,低氮条件下,增加施磷量,可增加各生育期根系总面积、总周长、总长及根系活力、群体分蘖、生物量、穗数,可显著增加穗粒数、产量及水分利用效率;高氮条件下,各生育期根系活力、群体分蘖、生物量、产量及其构成因素和水分利用效率均以N,P比为1∶0.75最高。总之,施氮量为150 kg/hm2,N,P比为1∶1,是旱地小麦高产和高效利用水分的最佳方式。
Field test was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer management on growth, yield and water use efficiency（WUE）. The results showed that soil water storage of applying nitrogen 150 kg/hm2 at depth of 0-100 cm at different stage was higher than applying nitrogen 180 kg/hm2, and the difference was significant when the proportion of N/P was 1∶1. When applying nitrogen was 150 kg/hm2, total root system area, total perimeter,total length, root activity, plant tiller and biomass of different stage and different depth, ear number, yield and WUE improved, and the difference was significantly when the proportion of N/P was 1∶1. It could significantly improve root activity 5 d and 20-35 d after anthesis when the proportion of N/P was 1∶0.5 and 1∶1. It could significantly improve spike grain number and 1 000-grain weight when the proportion of N/P was 1∶1. The results also showed that when applying nitrogen was low, increasing the quantity of phosphorus could increase total root system area, total perimeter, total length, root activity,plant tiller, biomass of different stage and spike number, could significantly increase spike grain number, yield and WUE. When nitrogen was high, root activity, plant tiller and biomass of different stage and different depth, yield and its characters and WUE were the highest when the proportion of N/P was 1∶75. So, nitrogen was 150 kg/hm2, and the ratio of N, P was 1∶1, which was the most appropriate practice in high-yield and WUE of wheat.
出处
《山西农业科学》
2016年第6期762-768,共7页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
农业部公益性行业科研专项(201503120)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B04)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费项目(CARS-03-01-24)
公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201303104)
山西省科技攻关项目(20140311008-3)
关键词
旱地小麦
氮肥
磷肥
高产
dryland wheat
nitrogen fertilizer
phosphorus fertilizer
high-yield
