摘要
目的了解食用盐碘含量调整前后西安市碘缺乏病病情、碘营养水平以及防治措施落实情况，为科学防治碘缺乏病提供依据。方法2011年，在西安市临潼区、未央区、长安区、蓝田县、高陵县、周至县、户县7个县（区），每个县（区）按东、西、南、北、中划分为5个片区，中片区抽取1个乡，其余4个片区各抽取2个乡，每个乡抽取4个行政村，每个行政村抽取8户居民食用盐，检测盐碘；在西安市雁塔区、碑林区、阎良区、莲湖区、新城区、灞桥区6个县（区），每个县（区）按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡，每个乡抽取4个行政村，每个行政村抽取15户居民食用盐，检测盐碘。在上述13个县（区）分别按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1所小学，每个小学抽取8～10岁儿童42名，检查甲状腺肿大（简称甲肿）情况。在碑林区、莲湖区、新城区3个县（区）各抽取2所小学，每个小学抽取8—10岁学生30名，检测尿碘；其余10个县（区）均按东、西、南、北、中划分为5个片区，中片区抽取2所小学，每个小学抽取8～10岁学生30名，检测尿碘，在其余4个片区各抽取1所小学，每个小学抽取8—10岁儿童15名，检测尿碘。2015年，在上述13个县（区），按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡，每个乡抽取4个行政村，每个行政村抽取15户居民食用盐．检测盐碘。在所抽取的每个乡各抽取1所小学，每个小学抽取8～10岁儿童42名，检查甲肿情况。同时，每个小学各抽取8—10岁儿童40名，检测尿碘。结果2011年盐碘中位数为33．70mg／kg，明显高于2015年的24．96mg／kg．差异有统计学意义（Z=31．059，P〈0．05）。2011、2015年碘盐覆盖率分别为99．79％（3808／3816）、99．90％（3896／3900），合格碘盐食用率分别为9932％（3790／3816）、97．64％（3808／3900）。2011年8—10岁儿童加权甲肿率为2．76％，明显高于2015年的1．17％，差异有统计学意义（x^2=15．11，P〈0．01）。2011年8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为292．5μg／L，明显高于2015年的259．0μg／L，差异有统计学意义（Z=2．862，P〈0．05）。结论食盐碘含量调整后西安市人群碘营养状况仍处于超过适宜量状态，说明西安市人群食用盐碘含量还有下调空间。
Objective To understand the current situation of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD）, iodine nutritional status and implementation situation of the prevention and control measures before and after the adjustment of edible salt iodine level in Xi＇an City, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of IDD. Methods In 2011, seven counties （areas） of Xi＇an City were selected, including Lintong, Weiyang, Chang＇an, Lantian, Gaoling, Zhouzhi and Huxian, and five subareas were selected according to the five directions as east, west, south, north and centre in each county （area）, one township was selected in the centre subarea and two townships were selected in other subareas, four villages were selected in every township, edible salt samples of eight households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine. Six areas of Xi＇an City were selected, including Yanta, Beilin, Yanliang, Lianhu, Xincheng and Baqiao, one township was selected according to the five directions as east, west, south, north and centre in each county, four villages were selected in every township, edible salt samples of 15 households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine. One school was respectively selected according to the five directions as east, west, south, north and centre in 13 counties, 42 children aged 8 - 10 were selected in every school to detect goiter. Two schools were selected in Beilin, Lianhu and Xincheng, respectively, 30 children aged 8 - 10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine. The remaining 10 counties were respectively divided according to the five directions as east, west, south, north and centre, two schools were selected in the centre subarea, 30 children aged 8 - 10 were selected in every school to test urine iodine, one school was selected in other subareas, 15 children aged 8 - 10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine. In 2015, 13 counties were selected, one township was selected according to the five directions as east, west, south, north and centre in each county, four villages were selected in every township, and edible salt samples of 15 households were selected in every village to detect salt iodine. One school was selected in every township, 42 children aged 8 - 10 were selected in every school to detect goiter. Meanwhile, 40 children aged 8 - 10 were selected in every school to detect urine iodine. Results The median of salt iodine was 33.70 mg/kg in 2011, which was higher than that in 2015 （24.96 mg/kg）, the difference was statistically significant （Z = 31.059, P 〈 0.05）. In 2012 and 2015, the coverage rates of iodized salt were 99.79% （3 808/3 816） and 99.90% （3 896/3 900）, consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 99.32% （3 791/3 816） and 97.64% （3 808/3 900）. The rate of weighted goiter in 2011 was 2.76%, which was higher than that in 2015 （1.17%）, the difference was statistically significant （x^2 = 15.11, P 〈 0.01）. The median of urinary iodine was 292.5 μg/L in 2011, which was higher than that in 2015 （259.0 μg/L）, the difference was statistically significant （Z = 2.862, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The population iodine nutritional status is more than sufficient in Xi＇an City after adjustment of edible salt iodine level, there is still a space for lowering the iodine level in edible salt.
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期431-435,共5页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
关键词
碘
盐
甲状腺肿大
尿
分析
Iodine
Salt
Goiter
Urine
Analysis
