2Laue K, Stenger H. Extrusion: Processes, Machinery, Tooling [ M]. Ohio: American Society for Metals, 1981.
3Thomsen E G, Yang C T, Kobayashi S. Mechanics of Plastic De- formation in Metal Processing[ M 1 Madison : McMillan, 1965.
4Xie J X, Ikeda K, Murakami T. Experimental Simulation of Met- al Flow in Porthole Die Extrusion [ J ]. Journal of Materials Pro- cessing Technology, 1995 (49): 1- 11.
7Kudo H. Plasticity [ M ]. Tokyo: Morikita Publishing Co. Ltd., 1968.
8Avitzur B. Handbook of Metal-Forming Processes [ M ]. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. , 1983.
9Xie J X, Ikeda K, Murakami T. UBA Analysis of Pipe Extru- sion Process through Porthole Die[ J]. Journal of Materials Pro-cessing Technology, 1995 ( 49 ) : 371 - 385.
10Jowett C, Parson N, Guay R, et al. The Dynamics of Dead Zones in Hot Extrusion[ C]. Florida: Proceedings of 10th Inter- national Aluminum Extrusion Technology Seminar, 2012.
