摘要
本研究采用直接采样方法分别对11辆柴油公交车和20辆汽油小汽车的排气管壁积尘进行采集,再使用气相色谱与质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对样品中的烷烃和有机酸进行定性以及定量分析.结果表明,公交车(C_(14)~C_(30))和小汽车(C_(14)~C_(33))正构烷烃质量分数分别为1.31~149.08μg·g^(-1)和15.35~556.03μg·g^(-1),公交车尾气尘中正构烷烃以C_(20)为主峰碳,小汽车中正构烷烃以C_(29)为主峰碳,且小汽车生成更多高沸点长链烷烃.公交车中姥鲛烷和植烷总质量分数分别是15.24μg·g^(-1)和21.79μg·g^(-1),小汽车中姥鲛烷和植烷总质量分数分别是2.31μg·g^(-1)和2.69μg·g^(-1),公交车和小汽车姥鲛烷和植烷的比值分别为0.699 4和0.858 7,植烷和十八烷的比值分别是0.356 5和0.747 2.脂肪族有机酸的质量分数变化都比较大,公交车和小汽车中其变化范围分别为0.01~40.87μg·g^(-1)和3.8~113.7μg·g^(-1),公交车烟灰中质量分数最大的有机酸是3-羟基丁酸,丙二酸(C_3)和丁二酸(C_4)比的最大值为5.93,小汽车烟灰中质量分数最高的正构烷酸是正十六烷酸(C_(16)),芳香族有机酸的质量分数范围分别为5.05~31.70μg·g^(-1)和0.1~228.38μg·g^(-1).
The soot of 11 diesel buses and 20 gasoline cars was sampled by direct sampling, and the main organic compounds of the samples were separated and qualitatively analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the mass fraction of n-alkanes was 1. 31-149. 08μg-g - 1 and 15. 35-556. 03 μg-g - 1 . The main carbon number of n-alkanes in diesel buses and gasoline cars soot was 20 and 29, respectively, and gasoline cars generated more long chain alkanes with high boiling point. The total mass fraction of pristane and phytane in diesel buses was 15. 24 μg-g - 1 and 21. 79 μg-g - 1 , respectively, while the two values in gasoline cars were 2. 31 μg-g - 1 and 2. 69 μg-g - 1 , respectively. The ratios of pristane and phytane were 0. 699 4 and 0. 858 7, and the ratios of phytane and octadecane were 0. 356 5 and 0. 747 2. The changes of the relative mass of fatty acids were relatively large, the change ranges in buses and cars were 0. 01-40. 87 μg-g - 1 and 3. 8-113. 7 μg-g - 1 , respectively, and the organic acid with the highest content in the buses was 3- hydroxybutyric acid. The maximal ratio of hexadecanoic acid and butanedioic acid （C3 / C4 ） was 5. 93. The most abundant n-alkanes in gasoline cars soot was C16 , and the mass fraction of aromatic acids was 5. 05- 31. 70 μg-g - 1 and 0. 1- 228. 38 μg-g - 1 , respectively.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期2052-2058,共7页
Environmental Science
