分离主义的成与败:一项基于质性比较分析的研究被引量：9

Success and Failure of Secessionism:A Qualitative Comparative Analysis

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摘要当今世界的许多国家中都存在着分离主义的地区或族群。然而,并不是所有分离主义运动都能获得"成功"。通过对15个存在分离主义的案例进行质性比较分析,分离主义倾向或运动转化为独立建国的原因与机制得以厘清。这15个案例既包括分离主义"成功"的"正面案例",也包括了"不成功"的"负面案例"。分析结果显示,存在着两条平行的分离主义实现的路径或原因组合。第一条分离主义实现路径要求同时具备"非民主政体""经济不发达""外部干预"和"国家统一时间短"四个条件;第二条路径则要求同时具备"非民主政体""经济不发达""外部干预"和"分离主义组织的暴力化"四个条件。综合两条路径来看,分离主义成功转化为独立建国的重要机制是:政治与经济双重不发达的"脆弱国家"在面临外部冲击的情况下主动放弃对于分离主义地区的主权,从而让后者实现独立建国。此外,研究结果还显示,分离主义组织是否采取暴力的策略取向并不重要,而国家统一时间的长短对分离主义的成败却有非常重要的影响。 Based on 15 cases where the secessionist movements exist,this paper,by using the tool of Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA),attempts to figure out the causes of realization of secessionism,namely achievement of independence of the area,with a unique identity,from a nation-state.The results show that two parallel pathways towards independence could be identified.One is the configuration of four factors;nondemocratic regime,economic underdevelopment,external intervention and short duration of unification;another configuration comprises non-democratic regime,economic underdevelopment,external intervention and strategy of violence.In general,the possible mechanism here is; 'fragile states' with low degree of political and economic development are vulnerable to external intervention;thus,this sort of states tend to give up the sovereignty over their secessionist areas.

作者郝诗楠高奇琦

机构地区华东政法大学政治学研究院

出处《世界经济与政治》 CSSCI 北大核心 2016年第6期113-133,159,共21页 World Economics and Politics

基金国家社科基金重点项目"全面推进依法治国与国家治理现代化研究"(项目编号:14AZD133) 上海市晨光计划"香港与台湾政治激进化的原因与治理"(项目编号:15CG055) 华东政法大学政治学研究院"华与罗世界文明与比较政治研究项目"(项目编号:HDZ005)的资助

关键词分离主义质性比较分析原因组合脆弱国家 secessionism qualitative comparative analysis fragile states

分类号 D032 [政治法律—政治学]

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参考文献22

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