摘要
为了研究杭州市城区大气污染物的浓度变化特征,选取了2014年杭州市环境监测中心站空气质量自动监测站的大气污染物浓度数据;并结合地面气象要素资料进行分析。结果表明,在观测期间,杭州市城区大气中的PM_（2.5）污染状况最严重,日平均浓度的超标率达30.7%;各污染物全年分布呈现明显的季节变化：O_3浓度呈现与该季节气温和太阳辐射强度在全年中的排列相一致的夏、秋、春和冬季依次递减的分布,NO_2则呈现冬高夏低,春秋介于两者之间的分布,SO_2浓度从高到低依次为冬季〉春季〉秋季〉夏季,CO、PM_（2.5）和PM10浓度都呈现出冬高夏季、春秋季变化平缓的季节变化特征;各污染物浓度日变化呈现不同变化规律：O_3和Ox浓度四季的日变化都呈单峰型分布,浓度峰值都出现在13：00~15：00,SO_2也呈现单峰型分布,在09：00~10：00左右达到峰值,于次日04：00左右达到谷值,NO_2、CO、PM_（2.5）和PM10浓度的日变化特征类似,呈现双峰型变化,且峰值都与早晚高峰时间基本重合,冬季相对于其他季节首峰值时间推迟一小时左右;利用成对样本T检验进行比较,结果表明：NO_2浓度在17：00~次日09：00工作日均明显高于周末,而在09：00~14：00工作日略低于周末,14：00~17：00浓度基本相等,O_3浓度则在工作日的各时刻均高于周末;气象要素是大气污染物分布的重要影响因子,O_3与气温和风速呈极显著正相关关系,与湿度呈极显著负相关关系,NO_2与之相反,SO_2、CO、PM_（2.5）和PM_（10）与风速呈现一致的显著负相关关系外,与其他气象要素在不同季节差异性较大,SO_2和PM_（10）与相对湿度呈现极显著负相关关系,CO和PM_（2.5）与气温和湿度的相关性在不尽相同。
In order to study the characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in the urban area of Hangzhou,we analyzed the data of the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants of 2014 provided by automatic air station of Hangzhou environmental monitoring center station,combining with local meteorological data. The results showed that of the atmospheric pollutants,PM_（2.5）was the most serious in the urban area of Hangzhou,which the exceeding standard rate of daily average concentration of was 30. 7%. It also showed that the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants displayed noticeable seasonal variation. The concentrations of O_3 from highest to lowest were in summer,autumn,spring and winter. The seasonal change of the concentration of NO_2 is higher in winter and lower in summer.The concentrations of SO_2 from highest to lowest were in winter,spring,autumn and summer. The concentrations of CO,PM_（2.5）and PM_（10） appeared higher in winter,lower in summer and changed smoothly in other seasons. The concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants showed different diurnal variation patterns. The curves of diurnal variations of O_3,Oxand SO_2 all showed single peak. But the peak values time were different,13： 00 ~ 15： 00 for O_3 and Ox,and 09： 00 ~ 10： 00 for SO_2. The diurnal variations of NO_2,CO,PM_（2.5）and PM_（10） were similar to the two peaks that appeared at the morning and evening rush hours. The concentrations of NO_2 from 17： 00 to 09： 00 the next morning in weekdays were significantly higher than those on weekends. The situation from 09： 00 to 14： 00 was the opposite and the concentrations from 14： 00 to 17： 00 approximately equaled. But the concentrations of O_3 in weekdays were higher than those on weekends all the time. Meteorological factors were an important factor for pollutant concentration distributions. The correlation analysis indicated that the concentration of O_3 was the most significant positively correlations with temperature and wind speed,while the most significant negatively correlations with relative humidity. The situation with NO_2 was the opposite. The concentrations of SO_2,CO,PM_（2.5）and PM_（10） were the most significant negatively correlations with wind speed. The correlations between pollutant concentrations and other meteorological factors varied in different seasons.
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2016年第16期95-104,共10页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)
教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(PCSIRT)资助
