摘要
指印是物证鉴定的重要证据材料之一,其物质组分因遗留者、遗留客体等的不同而产生差异。随着指印的存留条件不同,其物质组分的种类和含量等也随之不同。潜在指印随时间变化和不同的环境因素影响,其物质组分在客体上的保留时间也不相同。因而利用指印中的物质组分分析指印在客体上的遗留时间的研究难度一直很大,制约因素也很多。但随着高灵敏度和低检测限仪器的应用,指印中痕量物质组分分析手段的不断进步,通过指印的物质组分判定其遗留时间的研究也在向前发展,从而使得指印已不仅仅可用作人身鉴定,而且还可在判断作案时间方面提供参考或依据。已有研究指出,可根据指印中的目标组分与特定化合物的比值来分析指印的遗留时间。曾有利用质谱成像技术研究指印组分中的饱和脂肪酸的扩散,从而成功判定遗留4天之内的指印的报道。因此,本文尝试对目前国际上通过指印物质组分判断其遗留时间的研究及进展情况作介绍。
Age estimation of fingermarks could have a significant impact on forensic investigation, as this has the potential to facilitate the judicial process by assessing the relevance of a fingerprint found at a crime scene. Determination of the time since deposition of fingermarks may prove necessary to link their pertinence with certain criminals. However, no methods currently exist that can reliably predict the age of a latent fingerprint because various factors, such as different bequeathers, diverse carriers, changing environment, can affect the age estimation of fingerpmarks. With the development of the sensitive instruments and devices, researchers have tried many approaches to solve the problems. Some have pointed out that by the ratio of the target component＇s content degrading over time divided by the summed of more stable compounds（which are less variable from print to print） in fingerprint residues, the time when a fingerprint was deposited can be inferred. Some used timeof-flight secondary ion imaging mass spectrometry（TOF-SIMS） to measure the diffusivity of saturated fatty acid molecules from a fingerprint on a silicon wafer, showing that a fingerprint less than 4 days could reliably be deduced through the extent of diffusion of palmitic acid. Some tried to use fluorescence spectroscopy to measure the rate of proteins degradation and the rate of oxidated products＇ generation in aging fingermarks. This article attempts to introduce the research progress on age estimation of fingermarks by the relevant components analysis.
出处
《刑事技术》
2016年第3期225-228,共4页
Forensic Science and Technology
关键词
指印
物质组分
指印遗留时间
fingerprint（fingermark）
component analysis
age estimation of fingermarks
