摘要
采用网格取样的方法,在孝义市采集共2413个土壤样本,涵盖全市共3个土壤类型5个亚类,对土壤样品的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、缓效钾、有效磷及有效态中微量元素等养分含量进行了测定与分析,以阐明孝义市麦田土壤的养分分布特征,指导孝义市科学合理施肥。研究结果表明：土壤有机质在不同亚类土壤的平均含量为8.86～23.26 g/kg,处于中等或缺乏水平,碱解氮为76.79～89.47 mg/kg,处于中等水平,有效磷为9.46～15.79 mg/kg,处于较丰富或中等水平,速效钾为139.11～207.74 mg/kg,处于较丰富、丰富或很丰富水平。这些养分在不同亚类土壤中的含量均存在显著差异,总体表现为在盐化潮土中最高,其次是石灰性褐土,在潮褐土、褐土性土、典型红粘土中含量比较低。在不同土壤亚类中,有机质、全氮和有效磷变异系数较高,而碱解氮、速效钾与缓效钾的变异则很低。而各有效态中微量元素的养分含量在不同亚类土壤中的规律则不甚一致,总体来说,除有效硼处于较低水平外,有效锰、有效铁、有效铜、有效锌均处于中等或高水平,且各有效态微量元素养分含量的变异都很低。在测土配方施肥中,应针对这些养分的分布特征,采取养分收支基本平衡策略进行优化施肥,以实现孝义市农业的可持续健康发展。
A total number of 2413 soil samples were collected by the method of grid sampling, which covered 5subclasses in all 3 soil types. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available potassium, slowlypotassium, available phosphorus and available medium trace elements were measured and analyzed to clarifythe distribution characteristics of soil nutrient and guide scientific and reasonable fertilization in Xiaoyi. Theresults showed that the mean content of soil organic matter in different subclasses was 8.86-23.26 g/kg, whichwas in the medium or lack level. The mean available nitrogen content was 76.79-89.47 mg/kg, which was inthe medium level. The mean available phosphorus content was 9.46-15.79 mg/kg, which was in the rich ormedium level. The mean available potassium content was 139.11-207.74 mg/kg, which was in the rich level.The nutrient contents in different subclasses were significantly different, in general, all these nutrientspresented the highest values in salined flavo-aquic soil, and followed by calcareous cinnamon soil, and thecontents in meadow cinnamon soil, cinnamon soil and typically red clay soil were relative low. The variablecoefficients of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were higher in different subclasses, andthe variable coefficients of available nitrogen, available potassium and slowly available potassium were verylow. And the available medium trace elements contents among different subclasses were not very consistent. Ingeneral, except that available boron was relatively low, available manganese, available iron, available copperand available zinc were in medium or high level, and the variable coefficients of these medium trace elementscontents were very low. Such distribution characteristics of soil nutrients should be considered to take nutrientbasic balance strategy to optimize fertilization on a basis of soil testing, so as to achieve the healthy andsustainable development of agriculture in Xiaoyi.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2016年第17期98-105,共8页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
孝义市测土配方施肥补贴项目
关键词
土壤养分分布
孝义市
碱解氮
有效磷
速效钾
微量元素
distribution of soil nutrient
Xiaoyi
available nitrogen
available phosphorus
available potassium
trace element
