摘要
Griffin等人借鉴发展成熟的启发式-系统化双加工模型(HSM)和计划行为理论(TPB),并整合多种风险管控及信息传播理论,创建了风险信息寻求与加工(RISP)模型。这一模型因其对个体信息行为预测变量的设置和较好的风险情境普遍适用性受到关注。本文对RISP模型的衍生与发展进行了系统的分析与归纳,并适当涉及其他学者基于RISP模型所展开的研究工作以及对该模型的完善与指正。同时,对RISP模型存在的问题及未来的潜在发展方向进行讨论。
The purpose of the present article is to firstly offer a comprehensive analysis of the Risk Information Seeking and Processing （RISP） model by thoroughly examining its core ideology and the interplay among its major components. Secondly, the model＇s emergence and ongoing development may also shed light on the reform and progress that have taken place in the risk information research area during the past few decades audiences＇ features （ ie., personal characteristics, needs, motivation, etc. ） are gaining more and more attention over that of the information content itself. Researchers from the fields of risk perception, risk communication, and decision making have long been interested in the mechanism of individuals＇ information processing, especially under risky circumstances. Multiple theories and models have contributed in decoding this mechanism from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives. Enlightened by the widely accepted Heuristic-Systematic Model （HSM） of information processing and Theory of Planned Behavior （TPB） , Griffin and his colleagues established the RISP model by drawing on relevant concepts from risk management and communication studies. The integrated model is the first attempt to bring individuals＇ internal （cognitive） and external （behavioral） information processing activities together into the same picture for a complete view of the whole course of information processing. RISP model proposes that individuals＇ information seeking and processing behaviors are lumped together and mediated by information sufficiency, relevant channel beliefs, and perceived information gathering capacity. Information sufficiency is, in turn, regulated by information subjective norms and affective response. The latter is mediated by perceived hazard characteristics, which is a function of a branch of variables labeled as ＂individual characteristics＂. Specifically, individual characteristics comprise of the subcategories relevant hazard experience; political philosophy; and sociodemographics, including gender, ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status. By putting forward this group of variables that outlines one＇s traits and backgrounds as the root source, Griffin and his colleagues initiated the attention shift of this line of research fo- cus more on audience characteristics instead of information content. In despite of its limitations, RISP model pro- vides an insightful direction for future studies. In order to gain in-depth understanding of the model＇s dynamics, We briefly referred to the theories that RISP model was constructed upon; and mainly elaborated on the relationships between the model＇s core components （i. e., individual characteristics, information sufficiency, and information seeking/processing behavior） and some well-established concepts （e. g., informational subjective norms, affective response, etc.） in the relevant study fields. While RISP model is receiving recognitions, several researchers have either extanded the model for a fuller view or raised some critiques or questions about the model. Primarily, 3 representative researchers, Kahlor, Braun and Niederdeppe, and their constructive work derived from RISP model were discussed in the paper. By looking into their studies along with tracing the evolutionary process of the model, we may attain a better understranding of how the research focus has been transformed from information content to audience in the areas of risk communication and information processing. Prevoius studies in risk communication and information processing paid major attention to calculating what to be included in the information content instead of getting to know by whom the information was expected to be received. Griffin and his colleagues built RISP model from a standpoint of highlighting the audiences, and thus set the keytone for later studies to incline toward an audience orientation. RISP model makes a further promotion at the ba- sis of previous research through clarifying that information sufficiency and informational subjective norms indeed exert significant impact over individual behaviors during information processing. More importantly, RISP model makes it possible to inspect one＇s inner cognitive activities （information processing） and explicit behaviors （information seeking） in the same picture and make parallel analysis. Finally, according to the critiques and improvements a number of researchers have made upon RISP model, more intricate phenomena could be induced under the influence of such as intended information aversion due to defense of self-esteem and self-identity disruption.
出处
《心理技术与应用》
2016年第7期434-443,共10页
Psychology(Techniques and Applications)
基金
国家社科重大项目"高校青年师生思想政治状况跟踪研究"(2015MZD017)
关键词
风险认知
风险信息寻求与加工
信息充分性
信息主观规范
自我认同
risk perception
risk information seeking and processing
information sufficiency
informational subjective norms
self-identity
