摘要
选取河南省粮食主产县代表性地块,对土壤养分进行测定分析,调查玉米产量和农业生产状况,旨在摸清河南省玉米主产区土壤养分状况,为合理利用土壤资源和指导科学施肥提供依据。结果表明：河南省玉米主产区耕层土壤养分丰缺状况有所差异。豫北土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮,速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为16.05 g/kg、1.28 g/kg、64.79 g/kg、18.68 mg/kg和109.18 mg/kg,豫中分别为13.98 g/kg、1.54 g/kg、59.59 mg/kg、18.96 mg/kg和90.71 mg/kg,豫南分别为13.25 mg/kg、1.56 mg/kg、50.56 mg/kg、12.93 mg/kg和100.39 mg/kg,养分平衡性较差。0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40 cm土层容重分别为1.34、1.39、1.50、1.52 g/cm3,土壤比较紧实,影响根系生长。应大力推广秸秆还田,重视施用有机肥,控氮减磷补钾,重视宣传推广作物专用复合肥和新型缓/控释肥的施用,播前重视耕层深松,打破犁底层,降低土壤容重,改善土壤物理性质。
In order to investigate soil nutrient conditions and provide basis for rational utilization of soilresource and guide scientific fertilization, soil nutrient was measured in representative fields in main grain areaof Henan Province, and maize yield and agricultural production condition were investigated. The results showedthat the conditions of surface soil nutrient were different. The average contents of soil organic matter, total N,available N, available P and available K were 16.05 g/kg, 1.28 g/kg, 64.79 mg/kg, 18.68 mg/kg and109.18 mg/kg, respectively, in north Henan, they were 13.98 g/kg, 1.54 g/kg, 59.59 mg/kg, 18.96 mg/kg and90.71 mg/kg, respectively, in central Henan, and were 13.25 g/kg, 1.56 g/kg, 50.56 mg/kg, 12.93 mg/kg and100.39 mg/kg, respectively, in south Henan, the nutrient distribution was unbalanced. Soil bulk density of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30~40 cm soil layer were 1.34, 1.39, 1.50 and 1.52 g/cm3 respectively, which indicatedthat the soil was tight and inhibited root growth. Straw turnover should be popularized, the application of organicfertilizer should be highlighted, the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, the use of phosphorusfertilizer should be decreased and the use of potassium fertilizer should be increased, the application ofcompound fertilizer and slow/controlled release fertilizer should be promoted, deep ploughing was importantbefore planting to break the plow sole, decrease soil bulk density and improve soil physical properties.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2016年第20期92-96,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
河南省科技成果转化基金项目"夏玉米高产高效施肥关键技术集成与示范"(142201110025)
关键词
河南
玉米产量
土壤理化性状
土壤养分状况
Henan Province
maize yield
soil physical and chemical properties
soil nutrient status
