摘要
通过对正常鸡蛋壳及暗斑鸡蛋壳中暗斑部、无斑部石灰质硬蛋壳的硬度、厚度、水分和蛋白质含量,以及壳下膜厚度、蛋白质含量进行测定,并结合其超微结构比较分析,对鸡蛋壳暗斑的产生原因进行初步探索。结果表明:与无斑组、正常组相比较,暗斑组的石灰质硬蛋壳硬度最小,含水量最大,差异极显著(P<0.01),而无斑组和正常组无差别;3组之间石灰质硬蛋壳厚度没有差异,但暗斑组壳下膜厚度极显著低于无斑组和正常组(P<0.01),无斑组壳下膜厚度显著低于正常组(P<0.05);石灰质硬蛋壳的蛋白质含量无显著差异(P>0.05),而暗斑蛋壳下膜蛋白质含量极显著低于正常蛋(P<0.01)。经扫描电镜对石灰质硬蛋壳的断面、内外表面及壳下膜的内外表面观察发现,与无斑组及正常组相比较,暗斑组的石灰质硬蛋壳及壳下膜整体表现出明显的质地疏松,且孔隙较多。通过对检测指标及超微结构图像的综合分析,初步判断鸡蛋壳暗斑的形成是由于壳下膜在暗斑位置厚度较薄,网孔较大,致使蛋内水分更易通过该膜渗透进入石灰质硬蛋壳,进而被石灰质硬蛋壳中该部分较多的缝隙所容纳,从而在宏观上形成暗斑。
In order to preliminarily explore the causes of eggshell dark spots,the thickness,hardness,moisture and protein content of calcareous hard eggshell,and the thickness and protein content of shell membrane were measured in the normal eggshell and dark spots portion as well as no spots portion of dark spots eggshell,and the ultra structure was also studied results：The hardness of calcareous hard eggshell of dark spots eggshell was minimum,and its water content was maximum,which were highly significant（P〈0.01）compared with other groups;However,there with no difference between spots group and the normal group.The thickness of calcareous hard shell was similar among the three groups,while that of shell membrane was highly significant（P〈0.05）.In addition,protein content of calcareous hard shell of three groups had no significant difference（P〉0.05）,while that of shell membrane of dark spots egg was much lower than the normal egg（P〈0.01）.The result of scanning electron microscope showed that both the calcareous hard shell and shell membrane of dark spots group had more significant loose texture and porosity features than other groups.In conclusion,the formation of dark spots was mainly due to that the shell membrane under eggshell dark spots was thin with large mesh,resulting in moisture of the egg permeated through the shell membrane into the calcareous hard shell easily,and then the moisture was absorbed by calcareous hard shell,resulting in the formation of dark spots gradually.
出处
《食品与机械》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第5期38-42,90,共6页
Food and Machinery
关键词
鸡蛋
暗斑
成因
水分
egg
dark spot
causes
moisture
