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3QXZ-6型制种玉米去雄机设计与试验 被引量:11

Design and Experiment of 3QXZ-6 Seed Corn Detasseling Machine
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摘要 为了提高制种玉米生产管理的机械化水平,设计了3QXZ-6型制种玉米去雄机,主要由仿形机构、液压传动系统和仿形控制系统等组成。仿形机构采用平行四连杆结构;抽雄滚轮旋转运动由负载敏感液压系统传动实现;仿形机构高度调节由比例控制液压系统驱动升降油缸实现;以一定距离内下光电信号连续无表示玉米植株低,一定距离内上光电信号连续有表示玉米植株高为控制依据,实现玉米植株高度仿形模糊控制。对抽雄滚轮转速同步性能及控制系统响应时间、升降油缸运动速度进行了测试试验,结果表明:发动机转速在2 300 r/min附近时,滚轮转速最大偏差率极值为4.4%,同步误差率小于3%;响应时间为0.04 s;油缸上升速度为0.21 m/s,下降速度为0.27 m/s,最后确定了控制信号t与抽雄部件垂直位移量间的函数关系。田间试验表明,设计的3QXZ-6型制种玉米去雄机工作稳定,作业效率高,去雄率均值为87.7%,能够满足机械化去雄作业的要求。 The 3QXZ-6 seed corn detasseling machine was designed to improve the mechanical level during corn cultivation. The machine was consisted of profiling mechanism,hydraulic driving system and plant-profiling controlled system. The profiling mechanism was structured as a parallelogram. Roller was motivated by the load-sensing hydraulic system,and height adjustment was manipulated by cylinder,which was driven through proportional control hydraulic system. In a set distance, if the lower photoelectric signal is continuously lost,it indicates the plant is short,and if the upper photoelectric signal is continuously received,it indicates the plant is relatively tall. This is how the plant height profiling is fuzzily controlled. The test on synchronization performance of roller rotation speed,response time of controlling system,and hydraulic cylinder speed shows that when the engine rotation speed is around 2 300 r / min,the maximum deviation ratio of roller rotation speed is 4. 4%,synchronization tolerance rate is less than 3%,responding time is 0. 04 s,cylinder lifting-up speed is 0. 21 m / s,and dropping-down speed is 0. 27 m / s. Based on the data collected from experiment,a function was built by using control signal t as variable and vertical movement of tassel removal component. Field experiment proves that the 3QXZ-6 seed corn detasseling machine is reliable and highly efficient. It sufficiently meets the agronomy detassling requirement with a detasseling ratio 87. 7% averagely.
出处 《农业机械学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第7期112-118,共7页 Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金 国家国际科技合作专项(2013DFA31560) 科研院所技术开发研究专项(2013EG119159)
关键词 玉米去雄机 仿形控制 性能试验 corn detasseling machine profiling control performance testing
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