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三种内固定方式治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较 被引量:59

Comparison of DHS, Gamma nail and PFNA fixations for treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients
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摘要 目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)、Gamma钉与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2015年6月收治的103例老年股骨转子间骨折患者资料,骨折按AO分型:31-A1型44例,31-A2型30例,31-A3型29例。33例患者采用DHS内固定(DHS组),30例患者采用Gamma钉内固定(Gamma钉组),40例患者采用PFNA内固定(PFNA组),比较3组患者的切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、术后负重时间、髋关节Harris评分优良率及并发症发生率等。结果PFNA组患者的切口长度[(5.4±0.5)cm】、手术时间[(70.8±16.2)min】显著短于DHS组[(12.6±2.7)cm、(102.6±17.4)min]和Gamma钉组患者[(7.5±0.8)cm、(93.0±35.9)min],术中出血量[(163.2±60.6)mL】显著少于DHS组[(280.5±89.8)mL]和Gamma钉组患者[(204.9±62.2)mL】,Gamma钉组患者又显著短于或少于DHS组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。3组患者的骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。PFNA组患者的术后负重时间[(11.0±0.8)周】、骨折愈合时间[(13.6±1.5)周]显著短于DHS组[(13.3±1.0)、(15.8±1.2)周]和Gamma钉组患者[(12.5±1.3)、(14.2±1.0)周],患者髋关节Harris评分优良率(92.5%)显著高于DHS组(84.8%)和Gamma钉组患者(86.7%);DHS组患者的术后并发症发生率(21.2%)显著高于Gamma钉组(10,0%)与PFNA组患者(7,5%),以上项目比较差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论DHS、Gamma钉及PFNA均是治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的有效方法。对于老年股骨转子间骨折,主张采用髓内固定,PFNA固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折更具优势。 Objective To compare the clinical effects of dynamic hip screw(DHS), Gamma inter- locking intramedullary nail and proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA) in the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients. Methods From January 2008 to June 2015, 103 elderly patients with intertroehanteric femoral fracture were treated with DHS (DHS group, 33 cases), Gamma nails (Gamma group, 30 cases), or PFNA (PFNA group, 40 cases). By the AO classification, there were 44 cases of type 31-A1, 30 cases of type 31-A2 and 29 cases of type 31-A3. The 3 groups were compared in terms of incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, postoperative weight-bearing time, Harris scoring, and incidence of postoperative complications. Results PFNA group incurred significantly shorter incision length (5.4 ±0.5 cm) and operation time (70.8 ±16.2 min) than DHS group (12.6 ± 2.7 cm and 102.6 ±17.4 min) and Gamma group (7.5 ± 0. 8 cm and 93.0 ±35.9 min) ( P 〈 0.05). The in- traoperative blood loss in PFNA group (163.2±60.6 mL) was significantly less than in DHS group (280.5 ± 89.8 mL) and in Gamma group (204.9 ±62.2 mL), and that in Gamma group was also significantly less than in DHS group (P 〈 0. 05). PFNA group had significantly shorter weight-bearing time (11.0 ±0. 8 weeks), fracture healing time (13.6 ±1.5 weeks) and significantly higher Harris good to excellent rate (92. 5% ) than DHS group (13.3 ±1.0 weeks , 15.8 ± 1.2 weeks and 84.8% ) and Gamma group (12.5 ± 1.3 weeks, 14. 2±1.0 weeks and 86.7% ) ( P 〈 0. 05) . The incidence of postoperative complications in DHS group (21.2%)was significantly higher than in Gamma group(lO. 0% ) and in PFNA group (7.5%) ( P 〈 0.05). Conclusions DHS, Gamma nail and PFNA are effective means for the treatment of intertrochanterlc femoral fractures in the elderly. Intramedullary fixation, especially by PFNA, shows superiority in the clinical outcomes.
出处 《中华创伤骨科杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第7期564-568,共5页 Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
关键词 髋骨折 骨折固定术 骨钉 老年人 Hip fractures Fracture fixation, internal Bone nails Aged
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