摘要
目的分析某危险废物集中处理处置企业职业病危害程度和卫生防护效果,提出防护建议,为预防控制职业病危害提供依据。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查、工作场所中职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查等方法对某危险废物处置公司进行调查,确定其存在的职业病危害因素,并评价职业病危害防护效果。结果该企业存在的职业病危害因素有粉尘、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、一氧化碳、有机磷农药、氨基甲酸酯类农药、拟虫菊酯类农药、氰化氢、硫化氢、盐酸、磷化氢、腈类化合物、氨、铅及其无机化合物、镉及其化合物、锰及其无机化合物、硫酸、氢氧化钠、噪声、高温及工频电场等。检测的粉尘、毒物、噪声共20种职业病危害因素中,危险废物暂存库1个点的磷化氢浓度为0.55 mg/m^3,高于其最高容许浓度(0.3 mg/m^3),其余各类职业病危害因素浓度(强度)均符合要求;28名接触人员职业健康检查未发现职业病或疑似职业病。结论该企业现行的职业病防护设施基本达到防护效果,所处理的危险废物种类复杂,需准确识别职业病危害因素,加强应急救援和职业卫生管理,同时定期进行职业健康风险评估。
[Objective] To analyze the degree of occupational hazards and effect of health protection in a hazardous waste centralized treatment and disposal enterprise,put forward protective suggestions,and provide basis for prevention and control of occupational hazards. [Methods]The methods of occupational health field investigation,occupational hazard factors detection in workplaces and occupational physical examination were adopted to determine the existing occupational hazard factors and evaluate the protecting effect.[Results]The occupational hazard factors existing in this enterprise were dust,benzene,toluene,xylene,carbon monoxide, organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide,hydrochloric acid,phosphine,nitriles,ammonia,lead and its inorganic compounds,cadmium and its compounds,manganese and its inorganic compounds,sulfuric acid,sodium hydroxide,noise,high temperature and frequency electric field etc. Among monitored 20 kinds of occupational hazard factors,the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in temporary storage of hazardous waste was 0.55 mg/m^3,which was higher than its maximum acceptable concentration（0.3mg/m^3）. The concentrations（intensity） of other occupational hazard factors all met the requirements. No occupational case or suspected case was found among 28 workers in occupational health examination.[Conclusion]The existing occupational disease protecting facilities in the enterprise basically achieve the protecting effect. The type of hazardous waste is complex,which need to accurately identify the occupational hazard factors,strengthen the emergency rescue and occupational health management,and carry out occupational health risk assessment regularly.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2016年第11期1451-1454,1458,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
危险废物
集中处理
职业病危害
防护效果
调查分析
Hazardous waste
Centralized treatment
Occupational hazards
Protecting effect
Investigation and analysis
