摘要
目的分析北京市海淀区2005—2014年传染病发病流行变化趋势,掌握其流行特征及流行规律,为有效制定传染病防控措施,调整防制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对海淀区2005—2014年传染病疫情资料进行综合统计分析。结果 2005—2014年海淀区法定传染病累计报告病例176 444例,发病率呈明显下降趋势,近年发病率维持在460/10万的水平。肠道传染病发病率呈显著逐步下降趋势,发病率由2005年的255.04/10万下降至2014年的55.22/10万;呼吸道传染病发病率下降趋势不明显,其2014年构成比上升为第1位;血液及性传播传染病发病率呈明显逐步下降趋势,2014年发病率降至27/10万的低水平。甲乙类传染病的发病主要病种是痢疾、肺结核、梅毒、乙型肝炎、猩红热、麻疹。发病地区集中在人口基数大及流动人口多的街道。结论 10年间海淀区传染病发病总体呈下降趋势,痢疾、肺结核、梅毒为乙类传染病的前3位,近年应加强重点传染病、重点地区、流动人口聚居地、学校疫情、暴发疫情的传染病的防控工作。
[Objective] To analyze the epidemic trend of infectious diseases in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005-2014,investigate the epidemic characteristics and law,and provide scientific basis for developing the effective prevention and control measures and adjusting the control strategy.[Methods]A descriptive epidemiological method was used to statistically analyze the epidemic data of infectious diseases in Haidian District from 2005-2014.[Results]From 2005 to 2014,a total of 176 444 cases of infectious diseases were reported in Haidian District. The incidence rate showed an obvious downward trend. In the recent years,the incidence rate is maintained at the level of 460/lakh. The incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases showed an obvious downward trend,and the incidence rate decreased from 255.04/lakh in 2005 to 55.22/lakh in 2014. The downward trend of the incidence rate of the respiratory tract infectious disease was not obvious,and its constituent ratio has risen to the first place in 2014.The incidence rate of blood-borne and sexually transmitted disease showed an obvious downward trend,and the incidence rate dropped to low level of 27/lakh. The main infectious diseases of class A and B were dysentery,tuberculosis,syphilis,hepatitis B,scarlet fever and measles. The cases were concentrated in the sub-districts with large population and floating population.[Conclusion]In the past decade,the incidence rate of infectious diseases shows a decreasing trend in Haidian District,and the top three class B infectious diseases are dysentery,tuberculosis and syphilis. It is necessary to strengthen prevention and control of infectious diseases in key diseases,key regions,floating population settlements,school and outbreaks.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2016年第12期1684-1688,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
传染病
发病率
疫情
流行特征
Infectious diseases
Incidence rate
Epidemic situation
Epidemic characteristics
