摘要
目的：了解2005—2014年嘉兴市戊型肝炎（简称戊肝）的分布特征和发病趋势，为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法：对2005—2014年嘉兴市戊肝疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析，并运用线性分析和趋势检验分析戊肝发病趋势。结果：2005—2014年嘉兴市共报告戊肝1324例，年平均发病率3．11／万，死亡5例，病死率0．43％；10年来，发病整体呈上升趋势，常年散发，以1—3月份居多但无明显季节性（戊肝发病集中度M值为0．22）；嘉兴市各地区发病水平不一，南湖区（流动人口比例大）、海盐县和平湖市（近海地区）发病率相对高于其它区县，城区发病水平高于非城区；戊肝发病呈单峰分布，各年龄段均有发病，20岁以下发病率最低（0．10／10万），60～79岁年龄组发病率最高（7．24／10万），发病率随年龄的增长而不断升高，男性发病水平明显高于女性；发病以农民为主；戊肝发病在病毒性肝炎的构成比基本呈逐年上升趋势。结论：2005—2014年嘉兴市戊肝发病整体呈上升趋势，年均发病率和病死率相对较高，应加强食品卫生和饮水卫生监督管理，加强疫情报告，做好卫生宣传教育，做好重点人群戊肝疫苗引入工作。
Objective To explore the epidemiological distribution characteristics and morbidity trends of hepatitis E virus （HEV） in Jiaxing city from 2005 to 2014, and to provide scientific evidence for taking preventive measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis,linear analysis and trend test were conducted to analyze the data of HEV in Jiaxing city during this period. Results A total of 1 324 HEV cases were reported with 5 deaths （0.43%）. The average annual incidence rate was 311 per 100 000 and showed an upward trend in the past decade. The disease occurred sporadically and most cases occurred from January to March but there was no significant seasonal distribution （the concentration M of HEV onset was 0.22）. The incidence of HEV varied in different regions, with Nanhu district with a larger proportion of migrants, Haiyan and Pinghu city （coastal areas） relatively higher than other counties. The average incidence of HEV was higher in the urban areas than in the other areas. The HEV incidence showed unimodal distribution in all ages,lowest （0.10/lakh） in the age group under 20 years old and highest （7.24/lakh） in the age group from 60 to 79 years old. Male incidence was significantly higher than female. HEV mainly occurred in farmers and the composition ratio of HEV to virus hepatitis showed an upward trend year by year. Conclusions In Jiaxing city, the incidence of HEV showed an overall upward trend with relatively high annual incidence and mortality from 2005 to 2014. Measures should be taken to strengthen the management and monitoring of hygiene of food and drinking water. Besides report of infectious disease, health education and introduction of HEV vaccines to high--risk population should be promoted.
出处
《中国农村卫生事业管理》
2016年第7期890-894,共5页
Chinese Rural Health Service Administration
