摘要
为明确麦后夏直播花生的最佳密度,试验采用裂区设计进行,其中主处理为垄作(LZ)和平作(PZ)两种种植方式,副处理为5个单粒精播密度[(19.5~25.5)万穴/hm^2],对照采用双粒播种,密度为15.0万穴/hm^2。垄作、平作均采用覆膜双行种植。结果表明,垄作的主茎高、侧枝长分别比平作高2.3、1.1 cm,两种种植方式的主茎高、侧枝长都随种植密度增加而增加,但是不同密度处理间的主茎高、侧枝长没有显著差异;总分枝数、有效分枝数随种植密度增大而减少,垄作总分枝数、有效分枝数分别比平作多0.7、0.6条;垄作单株果数比平作多1.1个、公斤果数少52.1个,两种种植方式单株果数随种植密度增加而减少、公斤果数随种植密度加大而呈增加趋势;垄作百果重、出米率分别比平作多31.3 g、高4.4个百分点,两种种植方式百果重、出米率随种植密度加大而降低;不同种植方式间荚果产量差异极显著,垄作平均荚果产量5 929.1kg/hm^2,比平作增产19.54%,同一种植方式不同密度处理间荚果产量也有显著或极显著差异,两种种植方式均是T2(21.0万穴/hm^2)、T3(22.5万穴/hm^2)密度处理产量居前2位,比对照增产差异达到极显著水平。本地区花生麦后夏直播垄作覆膜、平作覆膜种植的最适宜密度范围是(21.0~22.5)万穴/hm^2,单粒精播最佳密度也为(21.0~22.5)万穴/hm^2,最佳种植方式是垄作覆膜栽培。
To make clear the optimum single- seed precision sowing density of summer- sowing peanut after winter wheat harvest,the split- spot design was adopted with two kinds of planting patterns of ridge culture（ LZ） and flat culture（ PZ） as the main treatment and 5 single- seed precision sowing densities（ 195 ~255 thousand holes per hectare） as the vice- treatment. The control adopted the double- seed sowing pattern with the density of 150 thousand holes per hectare. The plastic film mulching and double- row planting pattern were used in ridge and flat culture. The results showed that the main stem height and lateral branch length of peanuts under ridge culture were 2. 3 cm and 1. 1 cm higher than those under flat cultivation,and they all increased along with the increase of sowing density,but there were no significant differences between different sowing densities. The total branch number and effective branch number reduced along with the increase of sowing density,and those under ridge culture were 0. 7 and 0. 6 more than those under flat cultivation. Compared with flat cultivation,the pods per plant under ridge culture was 1. 1 more and the pods per kilogram was52. 1 less. The pods per plant under two planting patterns decreased with the increase of sowing density and the pods per kilogram had the opposite change trend. The 100- kernel weight and shelling percentage under ridge culture was 31. 3 gram and 4. 4 percentage points more than those under flat cultivation. And they all de-clined with the increase of sowing density. The pod yield under two planting modes had very significant differences,and that under ridge culture was 5 929. 1 kg/hm^2,which increased by 19. 54% compared with that under flat cultivation. For the same planting pattern,the pod yield between different sowing densities also had significant or very significant differences. The former two density treatments who had the highest pod yield under two planting patterns were both T2 and T3treatment,and their pod yields were very significantly higher than that of control. In conclusion,the optimum planting pattern of summer- sowing peanut after winter wheat harvest was ridge culture with film mulching,and the most appropriate sowing density ranged from 210 thousand to 225 thousand holes per hectare.
出处
《山东农业科学》
2016年第7期44-47,共4页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
山东省现代农业产业技术体系花生创新团队聊城综合试验站"麦后夏直播花生品种筛选及其配套栽培技术研究"(SDAIT-05-021-14)
关键词
花生
夏直播
单粒精播
密度
垄作
平作
覆膜
Peanut
Summer-sowing
Single-seed precision sowing
Density
Ridge culture
Flat culture
Film mulching
