摘要
本试验旨在研究饲料不同糖脂比对鲤鱼生长、体成分及消化酶活性的影响。选取平均体重为（44.45±1.60）g的鲤鱼1 050尾,随机分成5组（每组3个重复,每个重复70尾）,分别饲喂糖脂比为5.2、6.8、9.6、15.0、27.7的饲料,进行为期63 d的摄食生长试验。结果表明：1）摄食糖脂比为6.8的饲料的鲤鱼增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）。饲料糖脂比为27.7时饲料系数显著高于饲料糖脂比为5.2～15.0时（P〈0.05）,且饲料系数以糖脂比为6.8时最低。糖脂比为27.7的组的蛋白质效率显著低于其他各组（P〈0.05）,但其肥满度显著高于糖脂比为6.8的组（P〈0.05）。2）全鱼和背肌粗脂肪含量均以糖脂比为5.2及27.7的组较高,显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）;背肌粗灰分含量除糖脂比为15.0的组显著低于糖脂比为5.2的组（P〈0.05）外,其他各组间差异并不显著（P〉0.05）。3）血清总胆固醇含量随饲料糖脂比的升高而呈先下降后上升趋势,并在糖脂比为15.0时达到最低值,且显著低于糖脂比为5.2、27.7时（P〈0.05）,而血清甘油三酯含量则在糖脂比为6.8的组有最高值,且显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）。血清葡萄糖含量在糖脂比为27.7的组有最高值,且显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）。肝糖原含量在糖脂比为27.7的组有最高值,且显著高于除糖脂比为15.0的组外的其他各组（P〈0.05）。4）肝胰脏、中肠蛋白酶活性在糖脂比为6.8的组达到最高值,且显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）;在糖脂比为15.0时,前肠蛋白酶活性较其他组显著降低（P〈0.05）。肝胰脏、前肠淀粉酶活性均以糖脂比为15.0的组为最高;中肠淀粉酶活性随饲料糖脂比的升高有下降趋势,糖脂比为27.2的组显著低于其他各组（P〈0.05）;而后肠淀粉酶活性以糖脂比为15.0的组为最低,显著低于除糖脂比为9.6的组外的其他各组（P〈0.05）。各组织脂肪酶活性变化趋势相似,均随饲料糖脂比的升高而呈先上升后下降趋势,最高值均出现在饲料糖脂比为15.0时。综合考虑生长、体成分、血清生化指标、消化酶活性,鲤鱼饲料中适宜的糖脂比为6.8～15.0。
This study determined the effects of different dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of common carp（ Cyprinus carpoio）. Common carp with the average body weight of（ 44.45 ± 1.60） g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates in each group and70 fish in each replicate. The fish in those groups were fed 5 different experimental diets with the carbohydrateto-lipid ratios of 5.2,6.8,9.6,15.0 and 27. 7,respectively. The growth experiment lasted for 63 d. The results show ed as follow s： 1） the maximum weight gain ratio（ W GR）,specific growth rate（ SGR） and the minimum feed conversion rate（ FCR） were observed in common carp fed the diet with 6.8 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio,and the W GR and SGR in 6.8 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group were significantly higher than those in other groups（ P〈0.05）,while the FCR in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group was significantly higher than that in 5.2 to 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio groups（ P〈0. 05）. The protein efficiency ratio（ PER） in 27. 7carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group was significantly low er than that in other groups（ P〈0.05）,but the condition factor（ CF） was significantly higher than that in 6. 8 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group（ P〈0.05）. 2） The crude lipid content of whole body and dorsal muscle in 5. 2 and 27. 7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio groups was higher,and significantly higher than that in other groups（ P〈0.05）; the ash content of dorsal muscle in 15.0carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group had the low est value,and significantly low er than that in 5.2 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group（ P〈0.05）,while there were no significant differences among other groups（ P〈0. 05）. 3）W ith the increase of diary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio,serum total cholesterol content was firstly decreased and then increased,and the low est value was found in 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group which was significantly higher than that in 5.2 and 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio groups（ P〈0.05）; the highest serum triglyceride content was found in 6. 8 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group,and significantly higher than that in other groups（ P〈0.05）; the highest serum glucose content was found in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group,and significantly higher than that in other groups（ P〈0.05）; the highest liver glycogen content was found in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group,and significantly higher than that in other groups except 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group（ P〈0.05）. 4） The highest hepatopancreas and midgut protease activities were found in 27.7 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group,and significantly higher than those in other groups（ P〈0.05）; when dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio was 15. 0,the foregut protease activity was significantly decreased compared with other groups（ P〈0.05）. The highest hepatopancreas and foregut amylase activities were found in 15.0 carbohydrateto-lipid ratio group; the midgut amylase activity reduced with the dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio increasing,and the 27.2 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group was significantly low er than that in other groups（ P〈0.05）; the hindgut amylase activity in 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group had the low est value,and significantly low er than that in other groups except 9.6 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio group（ P〈0.05）. Lipase activity in all organizations show ed the same trend,which raised first and then went down and got the highest values at 15.0 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio. Considered the growth,body composition,serum biochemical indices and digestive enzyme activities,the optimal dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio of common carp is 6. 8 to 15. 0.
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期2069-2078,共10页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
天津市科技支撑计划项目(13ZCZDNC00900)
天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划(14JCQNJC15100)
天津市高等学校创新团队(TD12-5018)
天津市高等学校“领军人才培养计划”
关键词
鲤鱼
糖脂比
生长性能
体成分
消化酶活性
common carp（Cyprinus carpoio）
carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio
growth performance
body composition
digestive enzyme activities
