摘要
针对当前香菇柄成松加工效率低、品质差、不适应工业化生产等问题,该课题研制了一种基于打击成松原理的香菇柄成松机,其结构主要包括机架、进料装置、成松筒、主传动装置、打击成松装置、出料装置,该机器能实现香菇柄连续工业化生产。为探究不同工艺与结构参数对成松机成松性能的影响,选择干/鲜香菇柄类型、香菇柄含水率、主轴转速、刀具类型、刀具末端与成松筒壁之间的间距等作为试验因素,以打击后样品的含松率、蓬松度和感官评分作为试验指标,进行了香菇柄成松试验。试验结果表明:对于含松率,含水率、主轴转速和干/鲜香菇柄类型影响极显著(P<0.01),其它因素均影响显著(P<0.05);对于蓬松度,含水率、干/鲜香菇柄类型和刀具末端与成松筒壁之间的间距影响极显著(P<0.01),刀具类型和主轴转速影响显著(P<0.05),主轴转速影响不显著(P>0.05);对于感官评分,含水率、刀具类型、主轴转速和刀具末端与成松筒壁之间的间距影响极显著(P<0.01),干/鲜香菇柄类型影响不显著(P>0.05)。同时,设计了正交试验,采用综合平衡法对含松率、蓬松度和感官评分指标进行综合分析,确定了成松试验的最优水平组合:干香菇柄,复水后含水率为50%左右,主轴转速为2200 r/min,直刀,刀具末端与成松筒壁之间的间距为7 mm。该条件下的试验样品的含松率平均值为97.1%,蓬松度平均值为0.079 g/cm3,感官评分平均值为16.8分。
Lentinusedodes stipe contains a lot of dietary fiber and has the double function as the food and herb medicine. Aiming at the current problems such as low efficiency, poor quality, poorly suited to industrial production etc. during the flossing process of lentinusedodes stipe. In this paper, we developed a floss machine of lentinusedodes stipe based on the high-speed impact and floss mechanism. The machine broke the samples to small floss based on the collision and rubs between the high-speed rotating blades and lentinusedodes stipe, and made lentinusedodes stipe to the floss. The floss machine of lentinusedodes stipe mainly included rack, feed hopper device, floss cylinder, the main drive device, the floss device, and discharge device. The floss device of lentinusedodes stipe located in the flossing cylinder was mainly composed of the spindle, the blade wheels, the sleeves and the cutters. The blade wheels were installed on the spindle and separated by sleeves, the distance between each adjacent blade wheels was50 mm. Each blade wheel had 4 cutters. The floss cylinder consisted of the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder. The lower cylinder was welded to frame and the upper cylinder was a movable part, the two cylinders were connected with bolts. The floss cylinder was sealed at both ends and the upper and lower cylinder could be separated. The feed hopper device was installed on the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder had a discharge hole. The discharge device was mainly composed of fan, motor, discharge hole and centrifugal dust collector. The fan was connected to the spindle of the motor, and the air intake of the fan was connected to the discharge hole by air pipe, and the centrifugal dust collector connected discharge hole of the fan. The main drive device was composed of motor, big belt wheel, small belt wheel and V-belt. The big belt wheel was installed on the spindle of the motor, and the transmission ratio of the main drive device was 2：1. The machine could achieve continuous and industrial production of lentinusedodes stipe. In order to study effects of the different process and structure parameters on the performance of the floss machine, we chose types of the fresh and dried lentinusedodes stipe, moisture content of lentinusedodesstipe, the spindle speed, types of cutters, the distance between the end of the cutters and the floss cylinder wall as the experimental factors, and the floss content, fill power and sensory evaluation as the evaluation indexes, to conduct the floss tests of lentinusedodes stipe. The test results showed that for the floss content, the moisture content of lentinusedodes stipe, the spindle speed and the types of the fresh and dried lentinusedodes stipe had a highly significant effect（P〈0.01）. Other factors had a significant effect（P〈0.05）. For the fill power, the moisture content of lentinusedodes stipe, the types of the fresh and dried lentinusedodes stipe and the distance between the end of the cutters, and the wall of the floss cylinder had a highly significant effect（P〈0.01）, but the types of cutters, and the spindle speed had a significant effect（P〈0.05）. For the sensory evaluation, the moisture content oflentinusedodesstipe, the types of cutters, the spindle speed and the distance between the end of the cutters and the wall of the floss cylinder had a highly significant effect（P〈0.01）, but the types of the fresh and dried lentinusedodes stipe had an insignificant effect（P〉0.05）. Based on the above analysis, we conducted orthogonal experiment and comprehensively analyzed the floss content, fill power and sensory evaluation based on the comprehensive evaluation method, and determined the optimal level combination of the floss tests. The results showed that the dried lentinusedodes stipe, the moisture content of dried lentinusedodes stipe was about 50%, spindle speed was about 2 200 r/min, the type of cutter was flat cutter, the distance between the end of the cutters and floss cylinder wall was7 mm. The best test result was the average floss content was 97.1%, the average fill power was 0.079 g/cm^3, and the average sensory evaluation score was 16.8.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第16期265-272,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
湖北省农业科技创新岗位课题(4006-07601804)
关键词
机具
加工
品质调控
香菇柄
打击
香菇柄松
machinery
processing
quality evaluation
lentinus edodes stipe
strike
lentinus edodes stipe floss
